Rethymno (Greek: Ρέθυμνο, , also Rethimno, Rethymnon, Réthymnon, and Rhíthymnos) is a city of approximately 40,000 people in Greece, the capital of Rethymno regional unit on the island of Crete. It was built in antiquity (ancient Rhithymna and Arsinoe), but was never a competitive Minoan centre. It was, however, strong enough to mint its own coins and maintain urban growth. One of these coins is today depicted as the crest of the town with two dolphins in a circle.
History
This region as a whole is rich with ancient history, most notably through the Minoan civilisation centred at Kydonia east of Rethymno.[2] Rethymno itself began a period of growth when the Venetian conquerors of the island decided to put an intermediate commercial station between Heraklion and Chania, acquiring its own bishop and nobility in the process. Today's old town (palia poli) is almost entirely built by the Venetians. It is one of the best preserved old towns in Crete.
The town still maintains its old aristocratic appearance, with its buildings dating from the 16th century, arched doorways, stone staircases, Byzantine and Hellenic-Roman remains, the small Venetian harbour and narrow streets. The Venetian Loggia houses the information office of the Ministry of Culture. A Wine Festival is held there annually at the beginning of July. Another festival, in memory of the destruction of the Arkadi Monastery, is held on 7–8 November.
The city's Venetian-era citadel, the Fortezza, is one of the best-preserved castles in Crete. Other monuments include the Neratze mosque (the Municipal Odeon arts centre), the Great Gate (Μεγάλη Πόρτα, Porta Guora), the Piazza Rimondi (Rimondi square) and the Venetian Loggia.
The town was also captured by the Ottoman Turks in 1646 and was ruled by them for almost three centuries. The town (Resmo in Turkish) was the centre of a sanjak during Ottoman rule.
During the Battle of Crete (20–30 May 1941), the Battle of Rethymno was fought between German paratroopers and Australian and Greek forces. Although initially unsuccessful, the Germans won the battle after receiving reinforcements from Maleme in the Northwestern part of the island
Today the city's main income is from tourism, many new facilities having been built in the past 20 years. Agriculture is also notable, especially for olive oil and other Mediterranean products. It is also the base of the Philosophical School and the University Library of the University of Crete and the School of Social and Political Sciences having 8.000 students on its university campus per annum at "Galos", where the Academic Institute of Mediterranean Studies is situated.
Municipality
View of the old harbour.
The new port
Street and the belltower of Megalos Antonios church in the fond
Beach of Rethymno.
The municipality Rethymno was formed at the 2011 local government reform by the merger of the following 4 former municipalities, that became municipal units:[3]
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Population of Rethymno [4]
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Settlements
|
1940
|
1951
|
1961
|
1971
|
1981
|
1991
|
2001
|
|
Rethymno
|
8.648
|
11.057
|
14.999
|
14.969
|
17.136
|
23.355
|
28.987
|
|
Agia Irini
|
96
|
88
|
63
|
47
|
34
|
63
|
49
|
|
Agios Markos
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
18
|
65
|
-
|
|
Anogeia
|
50
|
25
|
25
|
21
|
13
|
15
|
89
|
|
Gallos
|
315
|
274
|
252
|
180
|
146
|
205
|
430
|
|
GIannoudi
|
92
|
82
|
78
|
30
|
22
|
23
|
96
|
|
Kastellakia
|
-
|
45
|
27
|
36
|
105
|
-
|
-
|
|
Koumpes
|
-
|
106
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
|
Metochi Albani
|
67
|
79
|
31
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
|
Megalo Metochi (Risvan)
|
-
|
33
|
25
|
-
|
6
|
28
|
29
|
|
Mikro Metochi
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
29
|
91
|
188
|
|
Misiria
|
294
|
212
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
|
Ksiro Chorio
|
214
|
219
|
132
|
90
|
-
|
114
|
131
|
|
Perivolia
|
853
|
805
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
|
Planates
|
343
|
488
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
|
Tria Monastiria
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
18
|
105
|
107
|
|
Total
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10.972
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13.513
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15.632
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15.373
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18.190
|
24.064
|
31.687
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Culture
Rethymno is home to the following museums:
Literature
Pandelis Prevelakis wrote Το χρονικό μιας πολιτείας (1937), The Chronicle of my Town, a nostalgic depiction of Rethymno from the period of the Cretan State (1898) to the expulsion of the Cretan Turks (1924).
Notable people
International relations
Rethymno is twinned with:
Gallery
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Guora Gate (Megali Pyli), old city gate
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The catholic church of Agios Antonios
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See also
References
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Notes
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^ De Facto Population of Greece Population and Housing Census of March 18th, 2001 (PDF 793 KB). National Statistical Service of Greece. 2003.
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^ C. Michael Hogan, , The Modern Antiquarian, Jan. 23, 2008Cydonia
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^ Kallikratis law Greece Ministry of Interior (Greek)
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^ Hellenic Statistical Authority, Digital Library (ELSAT), Census (Greek and English)
External links
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Prefecture of Rethymno - Official website
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Rethymno The Official website of the Greek National Tourism Organisation
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Area
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8,336km²
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Population
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623,065 (2011)
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Capital
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Heraklion
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