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Sex steroids, also known as gonadal steroids, are steroid hormones that interact with vertebrate androgen or estrogen receptors.[1] Their effects are mediated by slow genomic mechanisms through nuclear receptors as well as by fast nongenomic mechanisms through membrane-associated receptors and signaling cascades.[2] The term sex hormone is nearly always synonymous with sex steroid. The non-steroid hormones luteinizing hormone, follicle-stimulating hormone and gonadotropin-releasing hormone are usually not regarded as sex hormones, although they play major sex-related roles.
Natural sex steroids are made by the gonads (ovaries or testes),[3] by adrenal glands, or by conversion from other sex steroids in other tissue such as liver or fat.[4]
There are also many synthetic sex steroids. Synthetic androgens are often referred to as
Sex steroids include:
In many contexts, the two main classes of sex steroids are androgens and estrogens, of which the most important human derivatives are testosterone and estradiol, respectively. Other contexts will include progestogens as a third class of sex steroids, distinct from androgens and estrogens. Progesterone is the most important and only naturally-occurring human progestogen. In general, androgens are considered "male sex hormones", since they have masculinizing effects, while estrogens and progestogens are considered "female sex hormones"[6] although all types are present in each sex, albeit at different levels.
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Zinc, Danazol, Dihydrotestosterone, Estradiol, Prostate cancer
Ghrelin
Pregnancy, Pregnenolone, Dehydroepiandrosterone, Menstrual cycle, Corticosterone
Testosterone, Estradiol, Progesterone, Menstrual cycle, Metabolism
Progesterone, Menstrual cycle, Medroxyprogesterone acetate, 5α-Dihydroprogesterone, Dehydroepiandrosterone
Congenital adrenal hyperplasia due to 21-hydroxylase deficiency, Mineralocorticoid, Congenital adrenal hyperplasia due to 17 alpha-hydroxylase deficiency, Intersex, Sex steroid
Hypertension, Gene, Sex steroid, Puberty, Congenital adrenal hyperplasia
Testosterone, Hypothalamus, Adrenal gland, Testicle, Menarche
Congenital adrenal hyperplasia, Congenital adrenal hyperplasia due to 21-hydroxylase deficiency, Adrenal insufficiency, Cholesterol, Gene
Medicine, Medical Subject Headings, Latin, Pituitary, Sex steroid