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Speech-language pathology is a branch practiced by a clinician known as Speech-language pathologists (SLPs), also called speech and language therapists,[1] or speech therapists, specialize in the evaluation and treatment of communication disorders and swallowing disorders.
The components of speech production include: phonation, producing sound; resonance; fluency; intonation, variance of pitch; and voice, including aeromechanical components of respiration. The components of language include: phonology, manipulating sound according to the rules of a language; morphology, understanding and using minimal units of meaning; syntax, constructing sentences by using languages' grammar rules; semantics, interpreting signs or symbols of communication to construct meaning; and pragmatics, social aspects of communication.[2]
Speech-Language Pathologists provide a wide range of services, mainly on an individual basis, but also as support for individuals, families, support groups, and providing information for the general public. Speech services begin with initial screening for communication and swallowing disorders and continue with assessment and diagnosis, consultation for the provision of advice regarding management, intervention and treatment, and provision counseling and other follow up services for these disorders.
Speech-Language Pathologists collaborate with other health care professionals often working as part of a multidisciplinary team, providing referrals to audiologists and others; providing information to health care professionals (including doctors, nurses, occupational therapists, dietitians), educators, behavior consultants (applied behavior analysis) and parents as dictated by the individual client's needs.
In relation to Auditory Processing Disorders[3] collaborating in the assessment and providing intervention where there is evidence of speech, language, and/or other cognitive-communication disorders.
The treatment for patients with cleft lip and palate has an obvious interdisciplinary character. The speech therapy outcome is even better when the surgical treatment is performed earlier.[4]
Speech-language pathologists (sometimes called speech therapists) assess, diagnose, treat, and help to prevent communication and swallowing disorders in patients. Speech, language, and swallowing disorders result from a variety of causes, such as a stroke, brain injury, hearing loss, developmental delay, a cleft palate, cerebral palsy, or emotional problems
Education:
After all the above requirements have been met during the SLP’s path to earning the graduate degree:
Continuing Education and Training Obligations:
Professional Suffix:
Average salaries for speech-language pathologists vary somewhat throughout the United States, ranging on average between 40-90K depending on setting and years of experience.
Speech-Language Pathologists work in a variety of clinical and educational settings. SLPs work in public and private hospitals, skilled nursing facilities (SNFs), long-term acute care (LTAC) facilities, hospice,[8] and home healthcare. SLPs may also work as part of the support structure in the education system, working in both public and private schools, colleges, and universities.[9] Some speech-language pathologists also work in community health, providing services at prisons and young offenders' institutions or providing expert testimony in applicable court cases.[10]
Subsequent to ASHA's 2005 approval of the delivery of Speech-Language Pathology services via video conference, or telepractice,[11] SLPs have begun delivering services via this service delivery method.
Speech-Language Pathologists work with clients and patients who can present a wide range of issues.
In the US, some children are eligible to receive speech therapy services, including assessment and lessons through the public school system. If not, private therapy is readily available through personal lessons with a qualified Speech-Language Pathologist or the growing field of telepractice.[16] Teleconferencing tools such as Skype are being used more commonly as a means to access remote locations in private therapy practice, such as in the geographically diverse southern New Zealand.[17] More at-home or combination treatments have become readily available to address specific types of articulation disorders. The use of mobile applications in speech therapy is also growing as an avenue to bring treatment into the home.
In the UK, children are entitled to an assessment by local NHS Speech and Language Therapy teams, usually after referral by health visitors or education settings, but parents are also entitled to request an assessment directly.[18] If treatment is appropriate, a care plan will be drawn up. Speech therapists often play a role in multi-disciplinary teams where a child has speech delay or disorder as part of a wider health condition.
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Sociology, Social psychology, Memory, Experimental psychology, Psychology
Medicine, Schizophrenia, Psychology, Psychotherapy, Neuroimaging
Larynx, Burmese language, Voice (phonetics), Glottis, Tone (linguistics)
Intelligence, Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, Latin alphabet, Linguistics, Reading (process)
United Nations, World War I, Disability studies, Activities of daily living, Assistive Technology
Psychology, Psychiatry, Stuttering, Dyslexia, Pitch (music)
Language, Semantics, Noam Chomsky, Sociolinguistics, Semiotics
Telemedicine, Psychology, Internet, Ethics, University of Pittsburgh
Psychology, Psychiatry, Dysarthria, Apraxia, Manner of articulation
Psychology, Psychiatry, Dyslexia, Spelling, Speech and language impairment