Chapter IX Monitored Natural Attenuation

By Environmental Protection Agency

Book Id: WPLBN0000041645
Format Type: PDF eBook
File Size: 3.3 MB
Reproduction Date: 2007

Title:	Chapter IX Monitored Natural Attenuation
Author:	Environmental Protection Agency
Volume:
Language:	English
Subject:	Ecology, Natural resource issues, Environemtal protection
Collections:	Environmental Awareness Library Collection
Historic Publication Date:
Publisher:	United States Environmental Protection Agency


Citation APA MLA Chicago Agency, E. P. (n.d.). Chapter IX Monitored Natural Attenuation. Retrieved from http://www.self.gutenberg.org/

Description
Excerpt: The term “monitored natural attenuation” (MNA) refers to the reliance on natural attenuation processes (within the context of a carefully controlled and monitored site cleanup approach) to achieve site-specific remediation objectives within a time frame that is reasonable compared to that offered by other more active methods (EPA, 1999). Long-term performance monitoring is a fundamental component of a MNA remedy, hence the emphasis on “monitoring” in the term “monitored natural attenuation”. Other terms associated with natural attenuation in the literature include “intrinsic remediation”, “intrinsic bioremediation”, “passive bioremediation”, “natural recovery”, and “natural assimilation”. Note, however, that none of these are necessarily equivalent to MNA.

Table of Contents
Contents Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . IX-1 Natural Attenuation Processes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . IX-2 Corrective Action Plan (CAP) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . IX-3 Initial Screening Of Monitored Natural Attenuation Effectiveness . . . . . . . . . . . . . . IX-6 Contaminant Transport and Fate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . IX-6 Contaminated Soil . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . IX-8 Source Mass . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . IX-10 Source Longevity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . IX-12 Potential for Receptor Impacts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . IX-16 Contaminated Groundwater . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . IX-17 Plume Persistence . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . IX-17 Plume Migration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . IX-19 Detailed Evaluation Of Monitored Natural Attenuation Effectiveness . . . . . . . . . . . IX-22 Natural Attenuation Mechanisms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . IX-22 Biological Processes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . IX-24 Physical Processes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . IX-24 Site Characterization . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . IX-25 Contaminated Soil . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . IX-29 Permeability . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . IX-29 Soil Structure and Layering . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . IX-30 Sorption Potential . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . IX-30 Soil Saturation Limit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . IX-31 Soil Gas Composition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . IX-33 Soil Moisture . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . IX-34 pH . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . IX-34 Temperature . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . IX-34 Microbial Community . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . IX-34 Rate Constants and Degradation Rates . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . IX-35 Time To Achieve Remediation Objectives . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . IX-35 Contaminated Groundwater . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . IX-36 Effective Solubility . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . IX-36 Henry's Law Constant . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . IX-38 Permeability . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . IX-38 Groundwater Seepage Velocity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . IX-40 Sorption and Retardation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . IX-41 Retarded Contaminant Transport Velocity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . IX-42 Precipitation/Recharge