World Health Organization : Year 1994 ; World Health Organization, Operational Support in Environmental Health, No. 94.40: Models of Management Systems for the Operation and Mainitenance of Rural Water Supply and Sanitation Systems

By Philip Roark

Book Id: WPLBN0000119296
Format Type: PDF eBook
File Size: 2.5 MB
Reproduction Date: 2005

Title:	World Health Organization : Year 1994 ; World Health Organization, Operational Support in Environmental Health, No. 94.40: Models of Management Systems for the Operation and Mainitenance of Rural Water Supply and Sanitation Systems
Author:	Philip Roark
Volume:
Language:	English
Subject:	Health., Public health, Wellness programs
Collections:	Medical Library Collection, World Health Collection
Historic Publication Date:
Publisher:	World Health Organization


Citation APA MLA Chicago Roark, P. (n.d.). World Health Organization : Year 1994 ; World Health Organization, Operational Support in Environmental Health, No. 94.40. Retrieved from http://www.self.gutenberg.org/

Description
Medical Reference Publication

Excerpt
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY The actual number of people sewed by water supply and sanitation (WSS) facilities is often less than supposed because many facilities are either inoperative or operating at less than design capacity. In such cases, it is usually that management systems have failed to provide the necessary guidance and sttudure for effective operation and maintenance (OM). This report considers the many issues and actors that influence the development of O&M management systems for rural WSS facilities in developing countries. It describes models in eight representative countries and offers guidance to planners and designers in selecting the most appropriate one. Models for rural WSS facilities range from highly centralized ones managed by government agencies to community systems owned and operated by local organizations. Between these extremes is a continuum of management models that includes participation by govemment agencies, communities, and private entities.

Table of Contents
CONTENTS ACKNOWLEDGMENTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . v ABOUTTHEAUTHORS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . vii ACRONYMS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ix EXECUTIVE SUMMARY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xiii 1 . INTRODUCTlON . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 1.1 Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 1.2 Objective . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 1.3 Water and Sanitation Management Differences . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 1.4 Organization of Report . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 2 . ROLE OF 08rM IN THE PROJECT CYCLE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 2.1 Goal of WSS Projects . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 2.2 Actors in Project Cycle . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 2.3 Activities in Project Cyde . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 3. ISSUES AFFECTING THE MANAGEMENT OF WSS SYSTEMS . . . . . . . . 13 3.1 Capacity of Traditional Community Organizations . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 3.2 Key Community Skills . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 3.3 Health Educat~ona nd Community Participation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 3.4 Participation of Women . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 3.5 Complexity of Technology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 3.6 Availability of Spare Parts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 3.7 Standardization and Local Manufacture of Equipment . . . . . . . . . . . 16 3.8 Requirements Shared with Other Sectors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17 3.9 Capacity of Private Sector . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17 3.10 Cost Recovey Mechanisms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17 3.11 Ability and Willingness to Pay . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18 3.12 National and Regional Economies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18 3.13 Logistics and Transpoltation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19 3.14 Government Leadership . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19 3.15 Strength of Government Agencies and Staff . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19 3.16 Regional Autonomy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20 3.17 Policies and Legislation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20 3.18 Communication and Information Sharing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21 3.19 Summay of Issues . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21 3.20 Star Diagram . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22