World Health Organization : Technical Report Series, No. 679: Biological Conltol of Veclors of Disease

By M. M. Artemiev

Book Id: WPLBN0000177851
Format Type: PDF eBook:
File Size: 1.63 MB
Reproduction Date: 2005

Title:	World Health Organization : Technical Report Series, No. 679: Biological Conltol of Veclors of Disease
Author:	M. M. Artemiev
Volume:
Language:	English
Subject:	Health., Public health, Wellness programs
Collections:	Medical Library Collection, World Health Collection
Historic Publication Date:
Publisher:	World Health Organization


Citation APA MLA Chicago M. Artemie, B. M. (n.d.). World Health Organization : Technical Report Series, No. 679. Retrieved from http://www.self.gutenberg.org/

Description
Medical Reference Publication

Excerpt
1. INTRODUCTION The WHO Expert Committee on Vector Biology and Control met in Geneva from 1 to 7 December 1981. Dr N. G. Gratz, Director, Division of Vector Biology and Control, opened the meeting on behalf of the Director-General and summarized the current status of vector control programmes. He noted that vectorborne diseases continue to prevail in many Member countries and that the suppression of these diseases is essential to attaining the goal of Health for All by the Year 2000. The development of residual insecticides over the past 40 years provided a relatively simple and inexpensive tool for the control of vectors of disease especially in vast rural areas of the tropics, where diseases such as malaria take a heavy toll in human life and suffering. However, the emergence and spread of insecticide resistance in many species of vectors, concern with environmental pollution brought about by the inappropriate use of insecticides, and the high cost of newT types of chemical insecticides make it apparent that vector control can no longer be solely dependent on the use of chemicals. The Twenty-third World Health Assembly in 1970 recommended the development of alternative methods of vector control (resolution WHA23.33; 1) and action was accordingly initiated. More recently, work on the biological control' of vectors has received additional impetus through the promotion of relevant research by the UNDP/ World Bank/WHO Special Programme for Research and Training in Tropical Diseases. A significant result of this support has been the development of the bacterium Bacillus thuringiensis, serotype H-14, for use as a microbial insecticide. In field trials, formulations of this

Table of Contents
CONTENTS Page 1 . Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 2 . Place of biological control agents in vector control . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 2.1 Main problems faced by vector control programmes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 2.2 Efforts to solve current vector control problems ...................... 7 2.3 Role of biological agents in vector control . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 2.4 Relevance of vector ecology and biology to the use of biological control agents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 2.5 Role of biological control agents in integrated vector control proe- r ammes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 2.6 Community participation in the use of biological control agents . . . . . . . . . 10 2.7 Technical cooperation among developing countries (TCDC) . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 3 . Present status of research and development . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.1 Most promising biological control agents for use against vectors . . . . . . . . . 3.2 Bacteria . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.3 Fungi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.4 Protozoa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.5 Nematodes ..................................................... 3.6 Viruses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.7 Potential of parasitoids, predators. and competitors .................... 3.8 Cost-effectiveness considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 . Common factors in the biological control of agricultural pests and disease vectors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 . Factors affecting the development of biological control agents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.1 Review of the evaluation scheme . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.2 Problems of specifications: standardization and quality control . . . . . . . . . . 5.3 Research and training needs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. ... .. ...... 5.4 Information dissemination and coordination of research . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 . Guidelines for future action . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 . Conclusions and recommendations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Acknowledgements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Annex 1 . WHO scheme for screening and evaluatinz the efficacy: safety and environmental impact of biological agents for the control of disease vectors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .