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This paper briefly traces the evolution of the military/media clash and identifies the Vietnam War as the turning point where mutual trust seemed to be permanently damaged. Government and military leadership pathologies combined with press distortions to leave the impression on the world stage that American wars could be won or lost in the news media. Right or wrong, the effects of a war perceived to be lost in the media, precipitated media safeguards to insure military campaigns in Grenada and Panama would not be lost on television news. While these safeguards and press controls became somewhat tempered by the time of the Gulf War, the Rubicon had been crossed. Military commanders could never again afford to ignore the way combat operations would be portrayed in the news media. This essential consideration for any would-be combat commander constitutes the new principle of war: media-spin....

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El presente artículo tiene como objetivo, el dar a conocer las bases del proyecto Criminología y Justicia México , el diario digital y académico que se puso en marcha el pasado 29 de mayo de 2013. Se expone la justificación del nacimiento de este medio de comunicación, con la argumentación de contrarrestar la crisis de la difusión de la Criminología en México, el aprovechamiento de la llegada de la Era Digital, y las nuevas herramientas para difundir el conocimiento en la Red. Sirva este trabajo para conocer la visión y la misión del Proyecto, que en síntesis, no son otra cosa que proponer un camino para avanzar hacia el reconocimiento social del criminólogo....

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The present article has the objective to present the project bases Criminología y Justicia México (www.crimiyjustmexico.com), the digital and academic journal that was launched last May 29, 2013. It describes the reasons for the birth of the media, with the arguments to counter the crisis of the criminology diffusion in Mexico, taking advantadge on the arrival of the digital era and new tools to promote knowledge on the Web. This work is planned to expose the project vision and mission, that want to propose a way forward towards social recognition of the criminologist....

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The internationally known ?Aha Punana Leo, Inc. is a non-profit organization which was established in 1983 to revitalize the nearly extinct Hawaiian language and establish schools taught entirely through that language. The following year, the organization founded the first Punana Leo school which was also the first Native American language immersion school in the United States. After the Punana Leo families changed an 1896 law banning Hawaiian language schools, the Punana Leo method of education, along with the first graduates of the program, were taken into the public schools. With strong support from the ?Aha Punana Leo, that state government program has expanded to the twelfth grade. Presently there are eleven Punana Leo preschools that graduate students and provide growth for such government Hawaiian language schools. The ?Aha Punana Leo has also initiated Hawaiian language medium laboratory schools which it runs in cooperation with the Hawai?i State Department of Education and the Ka Haka ?Ula O Ke?elikolani College of Hawaiian Language of the University of Hawai?i at Hilo. Additional operations include production and distribut...

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He wahine malihini o Pele i holo kona manao e holo mai i Hawaii nei. Aole i maikai kona noho ana me kona kaikuaana, me Namakaokahai a ua makemake o ia e holo mai i kekahi aina okoa....

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This book – This Is My Faith – comes to highlight the first science which is Ideology in a simplified dialogue-based style. All can understand its content as it is free from complicated reasoning and difficult demonstration. Some texts have been changed for the sake of simplification as the definitions to the five Principles are also provided. Thus, here we offer you this book in the form of dialogue-based serial stories between two friends seeking only truth and knowledge....

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Hasan: I always encourage believers to ask about their religion. The Hadith says, “ask about your religion until you are called lunatic”, and there is no shame in seeking knowledge, especially when it comes to every day issues. Hasan: The Messenger of Allah (PBUH) was the most forbearing, the most courageous, the most even-handed and the most virtuous of all. He never laid a hand on a woman unless he had their tenderness, married to them or had kinship that permits it. He was the most generous so much that no penny had stayed overnight with him. He did not return home until he had satisfied the needy. He used to mend his foot-wear, patch his garments and help with house-work like chopping the meat with female members of the family (Harem). Moreover, he was the most modest. He did not look sharply at a person. He answered the requests from both the free and the slave. He accepted any gifts even it was a drink of yogurt and he rewarded them for that. He would not accept any alms. He would only get angry for the sake of Allah and not to satisfy himself. He attended funerals. He walked among his enemies unguarded. He was the mos...

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CHAPTER ONE Monotheism (At-Tawhid) CHAPTER TWO Divine justice (Al-‘Adl al-ilahi) CHATPTER THREE Prophecy (Nobowa) CHATPTER FOUR Imamate (Imamah) CHATPTER FIVE The Hereafter (Mi’ad) ...

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The Hale Kuamoo–Hawaiian Language Center supports and encourages expansion of Hawaiian language as the medium of education, business, government, and other contexts of social life in Hawaii. The Center provides professional and material resources necessary to address this goal including educational support in the development of curriculum materials for Hawaiian medium education, teacher training, Na Maka O Kana Hawaiian language newspaper, and the Mamaka Kaiao dictionary of contemporary Hawaiian terms....

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He Alii nui o Lonoikamakahiki no ka mokupuni o Hawaii ma hope iho o ko Keawenuiaumi make ana; he kanaonokumamaha hanauna maia Wakea mai. O Keawenuiaumi kona makua kane, a o Kaihalawai kona makuahine; ma Napoopoo kona wahi i hanau ai, a ma laila no o ia i hanai ia ai a nui, e kona mau kahu, e Hauna laua me Loli, a me ka laua wahine o Kohenemonemo. I ko Lonoikamakahiki wa opiopio, oiai ua hoomaka ae kona noonoo ana, i ia manawa nana aela o Lonoikamakahiki, e kau ana na mea lealea a kona makua kane he nui ma loko o ka hale alii. Ike aela o ia e kau ana na ihe pahee. Nana loihi aela o ia, a liuliu, a laila, ninau akula o ia i kona mau kahu: “He aha keia mau mea loloa e kau nei i luna o ka hale”...

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Kona Ao ia ana i ka Wa Opiopio. 1 -- Ko Lonoikamakahiki Imi ana i na Hana Oi o ka Waiwai. 6 -- Ka Ili Mua ana o ka Aina ia Lonoikamakahiki. 10 -- Ka Holo ana o Lonoikamakahiki i Oahu; Ko Ohaikawiliula Hiki ana mai; Ko Lonoikamakahiki Hoopaa ana me Kakuhihewa. 13 -- Ka Pili Ana O Kakuhihewa Me Lonoikamakahiki. 7 -- Ka Hoopapa Alua ana, Akolu, Aha, a me ka Lima, a me ka Hiki ana mai o Kaikilani. 6 -- Ka Hoopapa hou ana o Kakuhihewa me Lonoikamakahiki no Hauna. 41 -- Ka Hoike ana a Lonoikamakahiki i ka Iwi o na Alii i Make ia Keawenuiaumi. 45 -- Na Hoouka Kaua a Lonoikamakahiki. 52 -- Ka Hee ana o Kanaloakuakawaiea me na Kipi; Ka Lanakila ana o Lonoikamakahiki. 55 -- Ka Holo ana o Lonoikamakahiki i Maui e Ike me Kamalalawalu. 58 -- Ka Hoi ana o Kauhipaewa a me Kihapaewa i Hawaii; Ka Holo ana o Kamalalawalu i Hawaii. 63 -- Ka Hoouka Kaua ana ma Waimea; Ka Lanakila ana o Lonoikamakahiki; Auhee o Kamalalawalu me Kona Make ana. . 68 -- Ka Hooponopono Hou ana o Lonoikamakahiki i ke Aupuni; Kona Holo ana i Kauai; Haalele ia o Lonoikamakahiki e ka Lehulehu. 74 -- Hoonoho ia o Kapaihiahilina i Kuhina Nui; Ka Imihala ia ana; Kana Mele Aloha. 77...

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The material on these pages was compiled over many years and is the result of one person’s desire to figure out whether there is anything in our actions that must be ‘absolute’ or if all concepts of everything really are relative, based entirely on each person’s individual beliefs. A uniquely different kind of ‘trip’ took place after the compiler of this ‘stuff’ had a very heated argument with someone else when one of them yelled, “...well, your truth isn’t my truth!” What an amazing ‘trip’ it was......

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1) FŌGIE/FRŌGIE comparison 2) ‘Garden Scene’ comparisons of certain commands 3) “Do it!” commands 4) dictionary command – D words 5) ‘Daniel’ details - ISLAM - CHRISTIANITY - JUDAISM 6) Imagery - oil rigs - stock markets 7) Procrastinating with LIBERTY 8) Finger-walking ‘assignment’ and MESSAGE given using numbers: - 379 - 213 - 383 and books: - Bible - Qur’ân - others 9) Symbolism development - circles - triangles - colors - cross - pyramid 10) Fruit... 11) Another Age 12) So what!!! or So what??? 13) Quotes/Media Events - “Restoring Honor” Rally - “One Nation Working Together” Rally - Comedy Rally - 9-11 14) “IMAGINE – THE FŌGIE WAY” 15) Developing another Word Picture: a Muslim and a Mormon 16) ‘RELIGION RAILS’ 17) 10 Cannots by Abraham Lincoln 18) ‘THE PROTESTER’ categories 19) ‘GOOD’ standards 20) Pledge of Allegiance change and TRUE REPUBLIC concept 21) TOUGH LOVE – WE, THE PEOPLE 22) Commander-in-Chief 22) Politics 23) Changes in Government (Federal) - Term Limits - Taxes - Government Reorganization/Balanced Budget - Social Security - Federal Assistance - Education - Health Ca...

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A One man's quest for truth, freedom and pure spirituality in a world without.

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Beside a riverbed, an old man sits lost in his thoughts; he is SEATTLE, Chief of the Suqamish Indians. He remembers his boyhood when his grandfather foretold him of his destiny, when he was told of the Web Of Life and his duties as it's protector. The Web of Life, they believe, is the symbiotic connection that exists between all living things on Earth; the sacred balance of life. Upon the next day's passing, Seattle signs the Port Eliot treaty relinquishing ownership of Suquamish ancestral lands to the United States government in favor of a small reservation to the North. He sees that a war would ultimately prove futile and wishes instead to preserve his people's lifeblood through appeasement. In a final speech, Seattle explains that man comes from the land and that all men share equally the responsibility to protect the Web of Life on Earth. 150 years later, Dr. Richard Hawk, a lowly archaeology professor, explores the forests of his ancestors. Here he discovers an intriguing artifact he believes has spiritual significance. He takes his disovery to the one person he knows who might identify it: a beautiful shamness names Ri...

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General Accounting Office Report to the Honorable Steven H. Schiff, House of Representatives - Government Records - Results of a Search for Records Concerning the 1947 Crash Near Roswell, New Mexico...

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First Part[edit] It describes the naive Parvateesam running away from home in Mogaliturru, a small town that he calls a "famous historical city" in the West Godavari district of Andhra Pradesh, to become a barrister.[1] The novel depicts the troubles he faced in dealing with other languages, and the naive way he behaves with people from the outside world. It ends with his reaching the shores of England. With the struggle for independence barely beginning in south India, Parvateesam decides to leave for England because of the way he is taunted by his teacher and friends; he thinks becoming a barrister is the only way to redeem himself. He runs away from home without much money. He knows no language other than Telugu (spoken in Andhra Pradesh), and believes that once he reaches Madras (the capital city of Tamil Nadu; now Chennai) he can take a ship to England. He knows nothing of the hardships of this journey. Second Part[edit] The second part begins with him reaching the shores of England. After spending a few days in London, he travels to Edinburgh in Scotland on the advice of a recent acquaintance to study at university th...

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Barrister Parvateesam part 1 Barrister Parvateesam part 2 Barrister Parvateesam part 3 Barrister Parvateesam part 4 Barrister Parvateesam part 5 Barrister Parvateesam part 6 Barrister Parvateesam part 7...

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This study reveals how airpower made four contributions to the collapse of Italy. First, airpower shaped the grand strategy of the western Allied powers in 1943. Second, mainland attacks against rail marshaling yards, ports, and airfields did indirectly contribute militarily to Operations Husky and Avalanche. Third, both American and British strategic bombing contributed to the psychological decapitation and fall of the Fascist government on 25 July 1943. Finally, airpower coerced and aided the interim Marshal Pietro Badoglio’s government to surrender unconditionally and escape to the Allies on 9 September....

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INTRODUCTION . . . . 1 AN UNEXAMINED VICTORY . . . . . 3 WHEN GIANTS WALKED THE EARTH . . . . . 7 A TALE OF TWO TIGERS . . . . . 19 WHEN IN ROME . . . . 37 THE DENOUEMENT OF DEFEAT . . . . 57 NO CROWING FOR A NEW DAWN . . . . . 71...

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Aunque la evolución de la delincuencia y la desviación responde a la dinámica de los acontecimientos sociales, económicos y políticos a nivel global, es posible que la criminología tenga un impacto positivo en este campo. Para lograr esta meta, será necesario desarrollar los cursos interdisciplinarios en criminología y justicia penal alrededor del mundo, adoptar programas y políticas basados en la recopilación y evaluación sistemática de evidencias, y convertirnos en criminólogos efectivos – no solamente en el ámbito científico, sino también en el mundo político. Actualmente, la criminología no es una disciplina madura y no estamos seguros sobre cómo responder al problema de la delincuencia. Carecemos de instrumentos de diagnóstico preciso, de un cuerpo de conocimientos definitivos, de una comprensión de causas y efectos, y de una serie de modalidades de tratamiento generalmente consistentes. En este sentido, los criminólogos se parecen en algo a los médicos del Siglo XVIII....

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This article suggests that while crime and deviance are subject to the dynamics of global socio-economic-political events, the field of criminology can have a marked, positive impact in this realm. To achieve this end, there is a need to advance interdisciplinary criminology/criminal justice education, to embrace systematic, evidence based program and policy evaluation, and to become effective political as well as scientific criminologists. Criminology is not a mature science at this point, and we are not certain how to systematically respond to the crime problem. We lack accurate diagnostic instruments, a definitive body of knowledge, an understanding of cause and effect, and we do not possess a series of generally consistent treatment modalities. In this context, criminologists are somewhat akin to physicians of the 18th century....

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In GPS and Galileo: Friendly Foes?, Lt Col Roftiel Constantine, United States Air Force (USAF), analyzes the heated competition to provide service from high in the skies of medium earth orbit. The European Union (EU) is developing Galileo, its own global positioning and navigation satellite system, scheduled to be operational by 2010. The EU states that Galileo will provide greater precision to all users than is currently available from the United States’ (US) global positioning system (GPS) through improved coverage of satellite signals at higher latitudes, and, unlike GPS, Galileo will be guaranteed to be always available—even during war or political disagreement. Regarding the enormous importance of GPS to the United States and millions of users worldwide, the prospect of a second, competing, and potentially interfering global satellite navigation system could have serious military, foreign policy, and industrial implications. The US government would benefit from the heightened awareness of the risks and opportunities Colonel Constantine presents for the United States surrounding the Galileo program....

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1 INTRODUCTION TO THE GPS AND GALILEO PROGRAMS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1 2 HISTORY OF SATELLITE NAVIGATION . . . . . 3 Notes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18 3 GALILEO . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .21 Notes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31 4 GEOPOLITICAL PERSPECTIVES . . . . . . . . .35 Notes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42 5 FIVE STEPS THE US GOVERNMENT SHOULD UNDERTAKE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43 Notes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50 6 CONCLUSION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51 ABBREVIATIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .53 BIBLIOGRAPHY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55...

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It is my hope that these three essays provide the reader with a better and more comprehensive understanding of the International Criminal Court, its development, and the reasons all Americans should be concerned. For the non-American reader, I hope that these essays provide a well-articulated explanation of our concerns about the International Criminal Court....

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DISCLAIMER . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ii DEDICATION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .iii ABOUT THE CONTRIBUTORS . . . . . . . . . . . .vii PREFACE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .ix Essays A HISTORY OF WAR CRIMES AND THEIR CONSEQUENCES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1 Maj David A. Hater Notes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .21 Bibliography . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23 THE INTERNATIONAL CRIMINAL COURT: A CASE OF THE UNITED STATES HAVING ITS CAKE AND EATING IT TOO? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25 Maj Steven D. Dubriske Notes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55 Bibliography . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65 GENERAL WATSON TO THE ICC? THE PRESIDENT MUST DECIDE SOON! . . . . . . . . 71 Dr. Donald A. MacCuish and Lt Col Tomislav Ruby Notes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91 APPENDIX: SIGNATORIES AND RATIFICATIONS TO THE ROME STATUTE OF THE ICC . . . . . . .9...

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Make Money Online With Adsense Automatic Money Making Secrets , Click now

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Home based business, Adsense make money Online, Make money with adsense , Money making online , Internet business opportunity , Work at home business , Google adsense website , Make money online ,Work at Home Adsense, Making Money with Adsense , Work from Home Business , Adsense Ready Website Review , Top Paying Adsense Secrets , Adsense Ready Made Website Online , Adsense Success Stories , Adsense Wealth Empire , Adsense Money Making...

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Home based business, Adsense make money Online, Make money with adsense , Money making online , Internet business opportunity , Work at home business , Google adsense website , Make money online ,Work at Home Adsense, Making Money with Adsense , Work from Home Business , Adsense Ready Website Review , Top Paying Adsense Secrets , Adsense Ready Made Website Online , Adsense Success Stories , Adsense Wealth Empire , Adsense Money Making...

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Language is the fiber that binds us to our cultural identity. The UH Hilo College of Hawaiian Language, Ka Haka Ula O Keelikolani was established in 1997 by the Hawaii State Legislature to “serve as a focal point for the states efforts to revitalize the Hawaiian language through teacher training, undergraduate and graduate study of Hawaiian, community outreach, research and testing, use of technology, national and international cooperation, and the development of liberal education in Hawaiian for future generations of Hawaiian speakers. ” Named in honor of Ruth Keelikolani Keanolani Kanahoahoa, the 19th century high chiefess known for her strong advocacy of Hawaiian language and culture, the College models its operation primarily through an indigenous language. Building upon the vast repository of traditional knowledge passed down through generations, the College seeks to develop an academic curriculum emphasizing language acquisition, linguistics, traditional culture and education programs which are culturally responsive to the needs of the Hawaiian medium learning environment, and support a network of community outre...

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There will be a culturally enlightened Hawaiian nation, there will be a Hawaiian nation enlightened. The Native Hawaiian Education Council (NHEC) was established by Congress in 1994, and reauthorized as part of the No Child Left Behind Act of 2001, Public Law 107-110, Title VII, Part B, also known as the Native Hawaiian Education Act. Among other things, this act authorizes the Secretary of Education to make a direct grant to the Education Council to coordinate the educational and related services and programs available to Native Hawaiians; to assess the extent to which such services and programs meet the needs of Native Hawaiians, and collect data on the status of Native Hawaiian education; to provide direction and guidance, through the issuance of reports and recommendations, to appropriate Federal, State, and local agencies in order to focus and improve the use of resources for Native Hawaiian education, and serve, where appropriate, in an advisory capacity; and to make direct grants, if such grants enable the Education Council to carry out the duties as prescribed by the Act. The NHEC is a twenty-five member, statewide...

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Preface. 11 -- Acknowledgements. 15 -- Na Honua Mauli Ola Guidelines. 17 -- Guidelines for Learners. 21 -- Guidelines for Educators. 33 -- Guidelines for Schools and Institutions. 45 -- Guidelines for Families. 55 -- Guidelines for Communities. 65 -- Na Honua Mauli Ola Action Plan. 77 -- Programs and Organizations Glossary. 79 -- Hawaiian Glossary. 81 -- English Glossary. 87 -- References. 89 --...

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The B-52 and Jet Propulsion: A Case Study in Organizational Innovation is a coherent and nonpolemical discussion of the revolution in military affairs, a hot topic in the national security arena. Mark Mandeles examines an interesting topic, how can the military better understand, manage, and evaluate technological development programs. We see Murphy’s Law (anything that can go wrong, will go wrong) in operation. No matter how carefully the military designs, plans, and programs the process of technological development, inevitably, equipment, organizations, and people will challenge the desired expectations. The book focuses on the introduction of jet propulsion into the B-52. This case study illustrates the reality that surprises and failures are endemic to development programs where information and knowledge are indeterminate, ambiguous, and imperfect....

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Chapter 1 Introduction ................................1 Chapter 2 Innovation and Military Revolutions ..............................................................4 Chapter 3 Logic and Procedure of Analysis ..............................................................17 Chapter 4 Prelude: Jet Propulsion and the Air Force.....................................................29 Chapter 5 The Introduction of Jet Propulsion into the B-52..........................................54 Chapter 6 Conclusion................................99 Table 1 USAF Engine Development Time.....42 Table 2 B-52 TimeLine...............................56 Table 3 Maximum Takeoff Weights and Combat Radii.......................................66 Table 4 XB-52 Performance Requirements..........................................75 Table 5 Boeing Company Comparison of Basic Turbopropand Basic Turbojet Models ...............................87 Appendix XB-52 Program Select Senior Personnel...............................................115...

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This book has four chapters. In chapter one the authors introduce the three types of super FRM models. Chapter two uses these three new super fuzzy models to study the role of media which feverishly argued against 27 percent reservation for OBCs in Central Government-run institutions in India. The experts we consulted were divided into 19 groups depending on their profession. These groups of experts gave their opinion and comments on the news-items that appeared about reservations in dailies and weekly magazines, and the gist of these lengthy discussions form the third chapter of this book. The fourth chapter gives the conclusions based on our study....

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Dedication 5 Preface 6 Chapter One INTRODUCTION TO NEW SUPER FUZZY MODELS 7 1.1 Supermatrices and Fuzzy Supermatrices 7 1.2 Super Fuzzy Relational Maps 45 Chapter Two ANALYSIS OF THE ROLE OF MEDIA ON RESERVATION FOR OBC USING SUPER FUZZY MODELS 57 2.1 Brief Description of the Attributes Given by the Experts 58 2.2 Super Row FRM Model to Study the Role of Media on OBC Reservation 77 2.3 Super Fuzzy Mixed FRM Model to Study the Role of Media in Falsely Blaming the Government and Supporting Dr. Venugopal 88 2.4 Use of Super Column FRM Model to Study the Interrelation between the Government and Public 102 2.5 Analysis of Role of Media on Reservation for OBC using Fuzzy Cognitive Map 117 2.6 Observations based on this Analysis by Students and Experts through Seminars and Discussions 121 Chapter Three EXCERPT OF NEWS FROM PRINT MEDIA AND SUGGESTIONS AND COMMENTS BY THE EXPERTS 145 Chapter Four ANALYSIS SUGGESTIONS AND CONCLUSIONS BASED ON DISCUSSIONS, QUESTIONNAIRE, INTERVIEWS AND MATHEMATICAL MODELS 357 4.1 A View and Analysis by Group of Educationalists about Role of Media on OBC Reservation 357 4.1.1 Students Pro...

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Summary of detailed findings from research on the history of fishing practices and marine fisheries of the Hawaiian islands compiled from: native Hawaiian traditions, historical accounts, government communications, kama?aina testimony and ethnography...

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In a traditional Hawaiian context, nature and culture are one and the same, there is no division between the two. The wealth and limitations of the land and ocean resources gave birth to, and shaped the Hawaiian world view. The ?aina (land), wai (water), kai (ocean), and lewa (sky) were the foundation of life and the source of the spiritual relationship between people and their environs. Every aspect of life, whether in the sky, on land, or of the waters was believed to have been the physical body-forms assumed by the creative forces of nature, and the greater and lesser gods and goddesses of the Hawaiian people. Respect and care for nature, in turn meant that nature would care for the people. Thus, Hawaiian culture, for the most part, evolved in a healthy relationship with the nature around it, and until the arrival of foreigners on Hawaiian shores, the health and well-being of the people was reflected in the health of nature around them. Today, whether looking to the sea and fisheries, or to the flat lands and mountains, or to the condition of the people, it is all too easy to find signs of stress and diminishing health of H...

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Information is one of the most, if not the most, essential elements of combat capability. Because telecommunications affects every aspect of a society, and is probably the most important medium which military information is exchanged, this thesis provides an understanding of the telecommunications system and how best to exploit it across the spectrum of conflict. I examine the system’s vulnerabilities to both lethal and nonlethal attack mechanisms. While the ability to employ nonlethal technologies are currently limited, I recommend pursuing a strong research and development program to acquire this capability. The reason is that they provide additional policy options to deal with conflict, they are cheap, and because research may not only discover unanticipated capabilities for the US, but also identify countermeasures to protect our own systems. This thesis concludes by offering guidelines to help determine whether to exploit telecommunications with either lethal or nonlethal attack strategies....

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1 INTRODUCTION . . . 1 Notes . . . 3 2 TELECOMMUNICATIONS . . . . . 5 The Modern Communications System . . . . . 6 Vulnerability Analysis . . . . . . 17 Targeting . . . . 23 Quantification . . . . . 29 Conclusion . . . 32 Notes . . . 35 3 DISABLING WEAPONS . . . . . . 38 Definition . . . . . 39 History And Legal Considerations . . . . . 41 Conventional And Disabling Kill Mechanisms . . . 44 Advantages/Disadvantages . . . . . . 49 Conclusion . . . . 53 Notes . . . . 55 4 GUIDANCE FOR CAMPAIGN PLANNING . . . . . . 57 Planning Factors . . . . 57 Conclusion . . . . . 61 Notes . . . . . 62...

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Since the first edition of Inquiries about Shia Islam was published in the summer of 1999, four-thousand English copies have been distributed and sold to Muslims and non-Muslims in the United States of America and abroad. The book was also published in various languages. The need still exists for a better understanding about the traditions and followers of the Ahlul Bayt, and thus a revised second edition of the book was made. I would like to take this opportunity to thank Sister Fatma Saleh for her generous contributions in editing and revising this edition. Special thanks are also due to the Khaki family of Seattle, Washington for making this book come to print. May Allah, the most Merciful, the most Compassionate reward all those who work sincerely to serve His cause....

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I ask all who read this book to read it objectively, with openmindedness and without sectarian biases, and I welcome any suggestions, criticisms, or inquiries. We ask Allah for guidance and enlightenment in our search for the truth. May Allah open our hearts and minds to it, and may He guide and extend His mercy upon us, for He is the one who grants all things. “Our Lord! Let not our hearts deviate from the truth after You have guided us, and grant us mercy from You; truly, You are the Bestower.”Noble Quran, 3:8 We ask Allah for His mercy, grace, and blessings in this endeavor, and I ask the readers for their prayers that we all continue to be humble servants of the religion of Allah on the Earth....

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Table of Contents Introduction Introduction to Second Edition Who are the Shi‘a? The Five Schools of Islamic Thought Ja‘fari Hanafi Maliki Shafi;i Hanbali Imamah Quranic Evidence for the Divine Ordination of the Imam Seven Categories of Verses of Allah’s Government in Quran (1) The Verses of Kingdom: (2) The Verses of Government: (3) The Verses of Command: (4) The Verses of Guardianship: (5) The Verses of Following: (6) The Verse of Choosing: (7) The Verse of Judgment: Imam Ali ibn Abi Talib Ghadir Khum The Verse of Warning (Indhar) The Verse of Bowing (Ruku) The Verse of Guardianship Prophetic Narrations Appointing Imam Ali as Successor Twelve Leaders to Succeed the Prophet. Who are the Twelve Leaders? The Ahlul Bayt The Verse of Purity (Taharah) The Verse of Affection (Muwaddah) The Verse of Malediction (Mubahilah) The Verse of Prayer (Salat) The Verse of Feeding The Verse of Guardianship The Hadith of the Two Weighty Things (Thaqalayn) Similar Narrations from the Prophet Muhammad about his Ahlul Bayt Infallibility Intercession (Shafa‘ah) Calling Upon the Prophet and ...