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By the end of this book, you will be familiar with the programming world, be able to write a Java class and instantiate (create) objects that represent these classes and put them into action. You will be able to write a professional code and to deal with code written by others. The topics are tied together, and built on each other, so, if this is your first time with Java, it is recommended to read the chapters in the same sequence they are presented in the book. We...

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Is this book for me, do I need to read_the_book? 1. If these are your first steps to Java, then read_the_book = yes. 2. If you are not looking for a reference, but for a book that will help you understand the world of Object Oriented Programming beside Java, then read_the_book = yes. 3. If you want to focus on the 20% knowledge that will help you to do 80% of tasks required, then read_the_book = yes. If you are looking for a pile of real world scenarios and training, then read_the_book = yes....

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Bird’s View • Software development life cycle (SDLC)……….…06 • Approaches to develop SDLC…………………………..08 • Object Oriented features………………………….…….14 • Java features………………………………………….……….16 • Requirements of a good program…………………...19 01 2 Class/Object 22 3 Mapping • map class to Java code…………………………………….35 • map class data members to Java code…………….36 • map class method members to Java code……….40 • Method signature……………………………………………48 • deprecated methods……………………………………...49 • passing Java arguments…………………………………..49 33 4 Java Tools 52 5 Problem solving 66 6 Simple-Level Logic • Type casting…………………………………………………...77 • Local variables………………………………………….…….78 • Simple operations…………………………………………..82 • Arithmetic operators……………………………….……..83 75 7 Moderate-Level Logic • Relation operators……………………………………..….091 • Equality operators………………………………….………091 • Conditional operators……………………………….…..091 • packaging……………………………………………………….097 • increment/decrement operators……………….….101 • Conditional statements • if………………………………….091 • switch…………………….……112 • ?:…………………………….…..115 • looping statements • for………………………………...117 • whil...

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A BRIEF HISTORY OF EVERYTHING: Quarks, Leptons and the Big Bang is a clear, readable and self – contained introduction to chaos of physics and related areas of science. It bridges the gap and addresses the questions that are of interest to us all or at least to all of us reading this book and lead us to study science in the first place. The book concentrates on presenting the subject from the understanding perspective of physics and brings the reader right up to date with curious aspects of physics established over the last few centuries. Necessary background information on physics is included but advanced mathematics is avoided. The book assumes science a journey not a destination and the advance of knowledge is an infinite progression towards a goal that forever recedes. This book will be of interest to students, teachers and general science readers interested in fundamental ideas of physics. ...

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A line of thought explored herein is the correspondence between cosmological phenomena and condensed matter physics, and therefore we can think that the quantization of orbit distances can be caused by superfluid helium quantization. This issue is explored by F. Smarandache and V. Christianto. Moreover, F. Smarandache also discusses possible new era of research that is pertaining to superluminal physics and instantaneous physics. Ion Patrascu and D. Rabounski discuss superluminality from their perspectives. And M. Pereira discusses his Hypergeometrical Universe model....

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Preface III Contents IV Planetary orbits in Solar and Extrasolar systems (A. Rubcic & J. Rubcic) Fizika A, 19 no.3, 2010...................1 Areal velocities of planets and their comparison (P. Pintr, V. Per\inova% , A. Luks\) unpubl. 2011...................15 Distribution of distances in solar system (P. Pintr, V. Perinova , A. Luks) Chaos , Soliton, Fractals 2007...................27 New cosmological model of universe and possible quantization of the Hubble parameter (P.Pintr) unpublished paper, Dec. 2011...................39 Do we really understand the solar system? (M. Pitkanen) Nov. 27th 2011...................50 Inflation and TGD (M. Pitkanen) Dec. 10th 2011...................70 QCD and TGD (M. Pitkanen) Dec. 19th 2011...................78 Quantum arithmetics and the relationship between real and p-adic physics (M. Pitkanen) Dec. 12th 2011...................94 A blind pilot: who is super-luminal observer? (D. Rabounski) Progress in Physics Vol.2, 2008................126 Scientist deduced the existence of particles with faster-than-light speeds recently discovered by CERN. (I. Patrascu) Progress in Physics Vol.4, 20...

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As an alternative to the existing logics we propose the Neutrosophic Logic to represent a mathematical model of uncertainty, vagueness, ambiguity, imprecision, undefined, unknown, incompleteness, inconsistency, redundancy, contradiction. It is a non-classical logic. Eksioglu (1999) explains some of them: “Imprecision of the human systems is due to the imperfection of knowledge that humain receives (observation) from the external world. Imperfection leads to a doubt about the value of a variable, a decision to be taken or a conclusion to be drawn for the actual system. The sources of uncertainty can be stochasticity (the case of intrinsic imperfection where a typical and single value does not exist), incomplete knowledge (ignorance of the totality, limited view on a system because of its complexity) or the acquisition errors (intrinsically imperfect observations, the quantitative errors in measures).”...

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Proves mathematically that the Doppler blueshift is terminal event and Doppler redshift is dominating by natural. However, radiation redshift is not only the result of Doppler effect but also the quality loss of radiation over vast distance. An observer is surrounded by radiations of all frequencies, much like a background noise of light, sound and smell of a city. CBR will show redshift as visible radiations. Nevertheless, not the indication of growing universe....

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The dominating and exponential natures of radiation redshift do not suggest the acceleratingly physical departure of all astronomical objects; and, neither inflation nor a common origin. Universe will continue as is, no extra matter and energy needed. Otherwise, besides the demand of run-away energy; the interactions among energy, matter, run-away energy, run-away matter, and acceleratingly expanding the space to carry objects away can only lead to run-away interpretations....

Table of Contents Details
1 Introduction 2 Creation of Doppler Effect 2.1 Limited Range of Doppler Blueshift 2.2 Mathematical Model of Blueshift Detection in Space 2.3 Probability Function of Blueshift Detection 2.4 Probability Distribution of Blueshift Detection 2.5 Underlying Conditions 2.6 Cross-Check with Redshift Survey 2.7 Probability Function in Surface Observation 2.8 Probability Function in Linear Observation 2.9 Probability Function Comparison 2.10 Properties of Doppler Effect 2.10.1 Properties of Doppler Blueshift 2.10.2 Properties of Doppler Redshift 3 Observer and the Environment 3.1 Doppler Effect of Rotating Observer 3.2 Environment Conditions 3.3 Heliosphere of The Solar System 3.4 Cross Radiations in Space 3.5 Sky In A Box 4 Lost in Translation 5 Cosmic Background Radiation 6 Conclusion 7 Appendixes 7.1 Paradox of Space Expansion 7.2 Real Life Analogy of Inertia in Expanding Space 7.3 Paradox of Redshift and Expanding Space 7.3.1 Real Life Analogy of Radiation Trap 7.4 Paradox of Constant Pulsating Quasars in Expanding Space 7.5 Mind-Bending Questions 7.6 Can We Really Tell The Size & Age of The Universe? 7.7 A...

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Proves mathematically that the Doppler blueshift is terminal event and Doppler redshift is dominating by natural. However, radiation redshift is not only the result of Doppler effect but also the quality loss of radiation over vast distance. An observer is surrounded by radiations of all frequencies, much like a background noise of light, sound and smell of a city. CBR will show redshift as visible radiations. Nevertheless, not the indication of growing universe. ...

Excerpt Details
The dominating and exponential natures of radiation redshift do not suggest the acceleratingly physical departure of all astronomical objects; and, neither inflation nor a common origin. Universe will continue as is, no extra matter and energy needed. Otherwise, besides the demand of run-away energy; the interactions among energy, matter, run-away energy, run-away matter, and acceleratingly expanding the space to carry objects away can only lead to run-away interpretations....

Table of Contents Details
1 Introduction 1 2 Creation of Doppler Effect 2.1 Limited Range of Doppler Blueshift 2.2 Mathematical Model of Blueshift Detection in Space 2.3 Probability Function of Blueshift Detection 2.4 Probability Distribution of Blueshift Detection 2.5 Underlying Conditions 2.6 Cross-Check with Redshift Survey 2.7 Probability Function in Surface Observation 2.8 Probability Function in Linear Observation 2.9 Probability Function Comparison 2.10 Properties of Doppler Effect 2.10.1 Properties of Doppler Blueshift 2.10.2 Properties of Doppler Redshift 3 Observer and the Environment 3.1 Doppler Effect of Rotating Observer 3.2 Environment Conditions 3.3 Heliosphere of The Solar System 3.4 Cross Radiations in Space 3.5 Sky In A Box 4 Lost in Translation 5 Cosmic Background Radiation 55 6 Conclusion 58 7 Appendixes 7.1 Paradox of Space Expansion 7.2 Real Life Analogy of Inertia in Expanding Space 7.3 Paradox of Redshift and Expanding Space 7.3.1 Real Life Analogy of Radiation Trap 7.4 Paradox of Constant Pulsating Quasars in Expanding Space 7.5 Mind-Bending Questions 7.6 Can We Really Tell The Size & Age of The Univ...

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Describing a novel way of drawing the ground plan of Stonehenge with the peg and string method, revealing previously unknown relationships.

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Stonehenge is a supposedly Neolithic monument located on Salisbury plain in Southern England. A study of the monument ground-plan raises a number of questions that are not answered by existing science. Questions such as: - ‘How could primitive men subdivide a circle into 56 equal parts?’ The questions are not answered with the keys provided by science. We need a ‘dumb-key’ to resolve the problems and answer the questions. The dumb-key is found by asking ourselves what geometric drawing implements did the builders have? They must have marked the ground with some kind of plan or they would not have known where to dig the holes to place the stones. The only geometric implements they would have had access to would be the basic ones that men living in the wild might find in the environment. They would no doubt have a long straight pole or stick to use as a measure, and sharpened pegs to scratch lines in the turf, or to drive into the ground to mark places. They would have rope, or the ancient equivalent, made out of twisted fibres or knotted hide thongs. Pulled tight these would provide a straight line, which could be marked on the...

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Acknowledgements………………………………………..…..4 Introduction………………………………………………..……..5 Drawing the Ground-Plan………………………….…………6 Outer Monument…………………………………………………7 Inner Monument……………………………………………….19 Astro-Archaeology…………………………………………….26 Summary of Astronomy…………………….………………29 Graphs ………………………..……………….27 & 28, 31& 34 Tables 1,2,3…………………………………………….37,38,39 Exercise with Px……………………………………….………40 Printable Graphs………………………………………..42 & 43 ...

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Progress in Physics has been created for publications on advanced studies in theoretical and experimental physics, including related themes from mathematics. All submitted papers should be professional, in good English, containing a brief review of a problem and obtained results. All submissions should be designed in LATEX format using Progress in Physics template. This template can be downloaded from Progress in Physics home page http://www.geocities.com/ptep_online. Abstract and the necessary information about author(s) should be included into the papers. To submit a paper, mail the file(s) to Chief Editor. All submitted papers should be as brief as possible. Short articles are preferable. All that has been accepted for the online issue of Progress in Physics is printed in the paper version of the journal. To order printed issues, contact Chief Editor. This journal is non-commercial, academic edition. It is printed from private donations....

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According to the Dictionary of Mathematics (Borowski and Borwein, 1991 [1]), the paradox is “an apparently absurd or self-contradictory statement for which there is prima facie support, or an explicit contradiction derived from apparently unexceptionable premises”....

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In this book for the first time we have ventured into the total analysis of migrant labourers in rural Tamil Nadu who are victims of HIV/AIDS using FCM, BAM and Neutrosophic Cognitive Maps. As in our study and analysis we felt several of the factors related with the psycho, socio, economic problems of these HIV/AIDS patients from rural Tamil Nadu (a southernmost state in India) remain indeterminate apart from the data being an unsupervised one. At the outset, we first emphasize that the study and analysis (and there by the conclusions and suggestions) pertain only to migrant labourers from rural Tamil Nadu who are poor and uneducated and who are HIV/AIDS infected. So this study cannot be extended to urban people or rich/ sophisticated/ educated populations of Tamil Nadu....

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Migration acquires great significance in the study of peoples and populations, for it not only involves the merely mathematical spatial redistribution of people, but also because it has enormous impact on livelihood, life-styles, employment, socioeconomic and political stability; or in other words, it influences the entire society. When used in the geographical context, the term ‘migration’ refers to the ‘permanent or semipermanent change in the residence of an individual person or group of people.’ Traditional studies classify migrants under two broad heads: voluntary migrants and involuntary migrants....

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The present book discusses, among other things, various quantization phenomena found in Astrophysics and some related issues including Brownian Motion. With recent discoveries of exoplanets in our galaxy and beyond, this Astrophysics quantization issue has attracted numerous discussions in the past few years. Most chapters in this book come from published papers in various peer-reviewed journals, and they cover different methods to describe quantization, including Weyl geometry, Supersymmetry, generalized Schrödinger, and Cartan torsion method. In some chapters Navier-Stokes equations are also discussed, because it is likely that this theory will remain relevant in Astrophysics and Cosmology While much of the arguments presented in this book are theoretical, nonetheless we recommend further observation in order to verify or refute the propositions described herein. It is of our hope that this volume could open a new chapter in our knowledge on the formation and structure of Astrophysical systems. ...

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Abstract We explore Yang’s Noncommutative space-time algebra (involving two length scales) within the context of QM defined in Noncommutative spacetimes and the holographic area-coordinates algebra in Clifford spaces. Casimir invariant wave equations corresponding to Noncommutative coordinates and momenta in d-dimensions can be recast in terms of ordinary QM wave equations in d + 2-dimensions. It is conjectured that QM over Noncommutative spacetimes (Noncommutative QM) may be described by ordinary QMin higher dimensions. Novel Moyal-Yang-Fedosov-Kontsevich star products deformations of the Noncommutative Poisson Brackets are employed to construct star product deformations of scalar field theories. Finally, generalizations of the Dirac-Konstant and Klein-Gordonlike equations relevant to the physics of D-branes and Matrix Models are presented. ...

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For most of the 20th century, both relativity and star travel fascinated this writer. The reasons Albert Einstein concluded there is an absolute barrier at the speed of light seemed at first clear, then later not so clear upon closer examination. "The speed of light relative to what?" I often asked anyone who would listen. The common response was, "Light needs no specification of that kind; its speed is the same no matter who measures it." "That's true." I would respond; "That's just the second postulate of special relativity which is not in doubt; but that postulate applies to light, and we're talking about rocketships here." However it seemed that no one understood what I was saying. By referring to the universal constant c= 299.792 458 megameters per second as "the speed of light," we paint ourselves into a logical corner in which light is automatically taken as the subject of discussion even when it is not. The careful reader will know not to immediately think "light" when he hears or reads "the speed of light." But it is better to have a neutral name for that universal constant. It has been called the Lorentz speed; Ignaz...

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One's reach should exceed one's grasp. Thus we reach for Alpha Centauri with a round-trip manned and womanned mission as the proposed overarching goal under a clear plan of exploration - a grand experiment described in later chapters. Whether or not we succeed in grasping the goal under this or under any plan is not as important as it is to set a definite plan and work towards its goal. The plan outlined here is in two phases: Phase one has a high probability of success, given the required propulsion system; the chances of phase two working will be indicated by results obtained from phase one. A fundamental problem is the one of propulsion. It is important to the working of this plan, a highly optimistic one, that the engine be capable of a sustained acceleration of ¼ G in phase one and 1G in phase two. (1G = 9.80665 m/s2) Such an engine is within the reach of present ideas....

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Prefaces. 6 -- Ch.1. Introduction . 11 -- Ch.2. The Human Barrier. 14 -- Ch.3. An Overview. 18 -- Ch.4. Acceleration Due to Light Pressure. 21 -- Ch.5. Light Sailing is Not All There Is. 27 -- Ch.6. Einstein's Light Barrier. 32 -- Ch.7. The Phase One Experiment: The First Starship. 37 -- Ch.8. The Phase Two Experiment: Alpha Centauri or Bust!. 45 -- Ch.9. Voyage to the Center of the Galaxy. 50 -- Ch.10. An Hypothesis: There is no Speed Barrier in the Universe. 52 --...

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The 2000 year history of the atom and chemistry, from the Classic Greek Era to the present, is described in 800 pages, depicted with some 300 pictures and illustrations. This history of the atom and chemistry discusses the lives of about 180 chemists and physicists, through the evolution of several stages of development, representing the most important scientific accomplishments. The most significant discoveries in chemistry and physics are presented chronologically to illustrate their contributions to the creation of the chemical sciences during the last 21 centuries....

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INTRODUCTION It is a genuine pleasure and challenge for me to try to express the full extent of my emotions and reasons for writing this book on the STORY OF THE ATOM AND THE SCIENCES, with special reference to the CHEMICAL SCIENCES. In one sentence, I can distill the essence of the purpose for this study by simply stating that it has been a labor of love that transcended the written word because sentiments and ideas belong in the realm of the ethereal and the philosophical as well as in the domain of LITERATURE and SCIENCE. Ever since a young and impressionable student attending a country school in a community of a few hundred people, began to be introduced to the world of knowledge over 65 years ago, the sciences became to me what water is to fish, air is to birds and earth is to humanity. The introduction to the mathematical, physical, chemical and biological sciences felt like reading a beautiful poem or listening to a romantic melody. In essence, it was truly a joyful experience, full of the enigmatic, the mysterious and the fantastic, beyond my wildest imagination. The words used in the title of this book, were car...

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TABLE OF CONTENTS INTRODUCTION 1 THE STORY OF THE ATOM AND CHEMISTRY 7 THE CAVE MAN 7 ABSTRACT ON THE CONCEPT OF PERSPECTIVE AND SENSE OF DUTY 8 THE MIGRATORY AND THE SEDENTARY MAN 9 ABSTRACT ON THE ATOM AND ITS ENERGY 11 THE CLASSIC GREEK AND ROMAN PHILOSOPHERS 17 EMPEDOCLES (492-432 BC) Greek Philosopher 20 Proposed the four basic elements: earth, water, air and fire. DEMOCRITUS (470-380 BC) Greek Philosopher 22 The founder of the atomic theory of antiquity. CLAUDIUS PTOLEMY (100-170) Greek Astronomer 24 Proponent of the geocentric theory of our solar system with the Earth and not the Sun at its center. ABSTRACT ON THE GENESIS OF AN ORDERLY AND SYSTEMATIC UNIVERSE 25 THE ALCHEMY OF ANTIQUITY AND THE MIDDLE AGES 32 THE METAL INDUSTRY OF ANTIQUITY 33 Mercury, Copper, Bronze, Iron and Steel. GEBER (721-815) Arabian Alchemist 38 One of the first scholars and alchemists of the Islamic world. OMAR KHAYYAM (12th Century). Persian Scientist and Astronomer 38 Brilliant astronomer and alchemist of the 12th Century. BERNARDO TREVISAN (1406 -1490) Italian Alchemist 39 One of the most famous alchemists of th...