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Tuberculosis (TB) is caused by members of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M. tuberculosis) complex, which include: M. tuberculosis, M. bovis, M. bovis BCG, M. africanum, M. microti, M. canetti, M. pinipedii, M. caprae and M. mungi [1]. Other Tuberculosise that may infect humans include: M. leprae, M. avium, M. intracellulare and M. scrofulaceum. M. tuberculosis is an aerobic, non-spore-forming, non-motile bacillus. It belongs to the family Tuberculosisceae [2]. M. tuberculosis is pathogenic for humans while M. bovis is usually pathogenic for animals. Once infected, active disease develops in about 10% of cases, usually within 1 - 2 years after exposure. The remaining individuals enter into a state of latency which can reactivate at a later stage particularly if the individual becomes immunocompromised [3]. Active TB is predominantly pulmonary in nature and develops in 59% of cases, while extrapulmonary TB occurs in the rest. Latent TB infection has no clinical manifestations and is not contagious, but can reactivate at a later stage, particularly if the immunity of the host decreases significantly [3,4]. Immunocompromised patients ...

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Methods of dealing with diet, health, pain, overweight, fatigue, etc., based on the methodology of Chinese traditional herbal medicine.

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"Most of us do not understand the causes of pain, which are complex. The Chinese herbalists can explain the causes." "Obesity is a new word. Obesity is more than overweight alone. It relates to sugar imbalance and is a warning of other undetected diseases. Obesity is a measure of the malfunction and imbalance of internal organs."...

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ON DIET AND A HEALTHY LIFE by Dr. Johannes Liu Table of Contents Chapter 1 ON DIET AND A HEALTHY LIFE................................................1-1 Physical Characteristics of Human Being ............................................1-1 Diet ...............................................................................1-1 Geophysical ........................................................................1-2 Characteristics of Yang Heat, Yin Heat and Hidden heat .............................1-3 Reality of Health, and "Kidney" ....................................................1-4 Chapter 2 On "Chi" .................................................................2-1 We face the "imbalance" of "kidney" ................................................2-1 The Effects of "Chi" or "kidney' ...................................................2-1 Strengthen the "Chi" ...............................................................2-2 Acupressure lllustration ...........................................................2-2 Chapter 3 On Pain ..................................................................3-1 Six Related Cau...

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This book, ‘INTERNAL ARMED CONFLICT: International Legal Framework Concerning Women and Children’, seeks to assess the application of customs and laws governing the internal armed conflict. This handbook presents an overview of various international instruments for the protection of women and children. By preventing the transcending of conflicts into brutality and savagery, the law of armed conflict aids the restoration of peace and the resumption of friendly relations. Women and children are opined to be accorded special respect and protection. Most of today’s conflicts take place within states. They have tragic feature in common, women and children suffer their impact disproportionately. The concept of children’s rights has widened and the international mandate to reinforce the rights of the child has grown over the years, with the mounting evidence of hardship and abuse suffered by the children. The principles outlined in the international human rights framework apply both to children and adults. Children and women are mentioned explicitly in many of the human rights instruments; standards are specifically modified o...

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Excerpt: Chapter 1. The burden of the word of the LORD to Israel by Malachi -- 2. I have loved you, saith the LORD. Yet ye say, Wherein hast thou loved us? Was not Esau Jacob?s brother? saith the LORD: yet I loved Jacob -- 3. And I hated Esau, and laid his mountains and his heritage waste for the dragons of the wilderness -- 4. Whereas Edom saith, We are impoverished, but we will return and build the desolate places; thus saith the LORD of hosts, They shall build, but I will throw down; and they shall call them, The border of wickedness, and, The people against whom the LORD hath indignation for ever -- 5. And your eyes shall see, and ye shall say, The LORD will be magnified from the border of Israel -- 6. A son honoureth his father, and a servant his master: if then I be a father, where is mine honour? and if I be a master, where is my fear? saith the LORD of hosts unto you, O priests, that despise my name. And ye say, Wherein have we despised thy name?...

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Excerpt: ?WHAT do you think she?d do if she caught us? We oughtn?t to have it, you know,? said Maisie. ?Beat me, and lock you up in your bedroom,? Dick answered, without hesitation. ?Have you got the cartridges?? ?Yes; they?re in my pocket, but they are joggling horribly. Do pin-fire cartridges go off of their own accord?? ?Don?t know. Take the revolver, if you are afraid, and let me carry them.? ?I?m not afraid.? Maisie strode forward swiftly, a hand in her pocket and her chin in the air. Dick followed with a small pin-fire revolver....

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Excerpt: The Voyage Out by Virginia Woolf.

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Excerpt: The Sentimentalists by George Meredith.

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HOMEWARE. PROFESSOR SPIRAL. ARDEN,............................................ In love with Astraea. SWITHIN,................................................... Sympathetics. OSIER. DAME DRESDEN............................ Sister to Homeware. ASTRAEA,........... Niece to Dame Dresden and Homeware. LYRA,..................................................................... A Wife. LADY OLDLACE. VIRGINIA. WINIFRED....

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Excerpt: The Patagonia by Henry James.

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Excerpt: The ?Body Of The Nation? But the basin of the Mississippi is the body of the nation. All the other parts are but members, important in themselves, yet more important in their relations to this. Exclusive of the Lake basin and of 300,000 square miles in Texas and New Mexico, which in many aspects form a part of it, this basin contains about 1,250,000 square miles. In extent it is the second great valley of the world, being exceeded only by that of the Amazon. The valley of the frozen Obi approaches it in extent; that of La Plata comes next in space, and probably in habitable capacity, having about eight-ninths of its area; then comes that of the Yenisei, with about seven-ninths; the Lena, Amoor, Hoang-ho, Yang-tse-kiang, and Nile, fiveninths; the Ganges, less than one-half; the Indus, less than one-third; the Euphrates, one-fifth; the Rhine, one-fifteenth. It exceeds in extent the whole of Europe, exclusive of Russia, Norway, and Sweden....

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Excerpt: ?If you talk of Murphy and Francis Moore, gentlemen,? said the lamplighter who was in the chair, ?I mean to say that neither of ?em ever had any more to do with the stars than Tom Grig had.? ?And what had he to do with ?em?? asked the lamplighter who officiated as vice. ?Nothing at all,? replied the other; ?just exactly nothing at all.?...

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Excerpt: Barnaby Rudge, A Tale of the Riots of ?Eighty by Charles Dickens.

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Excerpt: Chapter 1. The Boarding-House. Mrs. Tibbs was, beyond all dispute, the most tidy, fidgety, thrifty little personage that ever inhaled the smoke of London; and the house of Mrs. Tibbs was, decidedly, the neatest in all Great Coram-street. The area and the area-steps, and the street-door and the street-door steps, and the brass handle, and the door-plate, and the knocker, and the fan-light, were all as clean and bright, as indefatigable white-washing, and hearth-stoning, and scrubbing and rubbing, could make them....

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Introduction: Among the notable books of later times-we may say, without exaggeration, of all time--must be reckoned The Confessions of Jean Jacques Rousseau. It deals with leading personages and transactions of a momentous epoch, when absolutism and feudalism were rallying for their last struggle against the modern spirit, chiefly represented by Voltaire, the Encyclopedists, and Rousseau himself--a struggle to which, after many fierce intestine quarrels and sanguinary wars throughout Europe and America, has succeeded the prevalence of those more tolerant and rational principles by which the statesmen of our own day are actuated....

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Excerpt: The Talisman by Sir Walter Scott.

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Excerpt: One, two, three, four, five. There were five of them. Five couriers, sitting on a bench outside the convent on the summit of the Great St. Bernard in Switzerland, looking at the remote heights, stained by the setting sun as if a mighty quantity of red wine had been broached upon the mountain top, and had not yet had time to sink into the snow....

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Excerpt: Chapter 1. Passing over Ickleworth Bridge and rounding up the heavily shadowed river of our narrow valley, I perceived a commotion as of bathers in a certain bright space immediately underneath the vicar?s terrace-garden steps. My astonishment was considerable when it became evident to me that the vicar himself was disporting in the water, which, reaching no higher than his waist, disclosed him in the ordinary habiliments of his cloth. I knew my friend to be one of the most absentminded of men, and my first effort to explain the phenomenon of his appearance there, suggested that he might have walked in, the victim of a fit of abstraction, and that he had not yet fully comprehended his plight; but this idea was dispersed when I beheld the very portly lady, his partner in joy and adversity, standing immersed, and perfectly attired, some short distance nearer to the bank....

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Excerpt: The Rose and the Ring by William Makepeace Thackeray.

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Excerpt: Coming in to dress for dinner, I found a telegram: ?Mrs. Stormer dying; can you give us half a column for to-morrow evening? Let her off easy, but not too easy.? I was late; I was in a hurry; I had very little time to think, but at a venture I dispatched a reply: ?Will do what I can.? It was not till I had dressed and was rolling away to dinner that, in the hansom, I bethought myself of the difficulty of the condition attached. The difficulty was not of course in letting her off easy but in qualifying that indulgence. ?I simply won?t qualify it,? I said to myself. I didn?t admire her, but I liked her, and I had known her so long that I almost felt heartless in sitting down at such an hour to a feast of indifference. I must have seemed abstracted, for the early years of my acquaintance with her came back to me. I spoke of her to the lady I had taken down, hut the lady I had taken down had never heard of Greville Fane. I tried my other neighbor, who pronounced her books ?too vile.? I had never thought them very good, but I should let her off easier than that....

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Excerpt: The Pigeon Pie by Charlotte M. Yonge.

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Excerpt: The Prisoner of Chillon by Byron.