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... (Romania), and Archives of State (Rm. Valcea, Romania). The Smarandache's universe is undoubtedly very fascinating and is halfway between the number theory and the recreational mathematics. Even though sometime this universe has a very simple structure from number theory standpoint, it doesn't cease to be deeply mysterious and interesting. This book, following the Smarand...

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...A SET OF NEW SMARANDACHE FUNCTIONS, SEQUENCES AND CONJECTURES IN NUMBER THEORY Felice Russo AMERICAN RESEARCH PRESS Lupton USA 2000 Wrongness of n ... ...universe is undoubtedly very fascinating and is halfway between the number theory and the recreational mathematics. Even though sometime this univers... ...Even though sometime this universe has a very simple structure from number theory standpoint, it doesn't cease to be deeply mysterious and interesting... ...lems, new Smarandache type sequences and new Smarandache Notions in number theory. Moreover a chapter (IV) is dedicated to the analysis of Smarandach... ...the analysis of Smarandache Double factorial function introduced in number theory by F. Smarandache ("The Florentin Smarandache papers" special colle... ...of integers out of infinite number of them. Anyway we can get some further information from experimental data about the validity of this conjeture. In...

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...OF SOCIAL ASPECTS OF MIGRANT LABOURERS LIVING WITH HIV/AIDS USING FUZZY THEORY AND NEUTROSOPHIC COGNITIVE MAPS With Specific Reference To Rura... ... OF SOCIAL ASPECTS OF MIGRANT LABOURERS LIVING WITH HIV/AIDS USING FUZZY THEORY AND NEUTROSOPHIC COGNITIVE MAPS With Specific Reference To Rura... ...ered in a paper bound reprint from: Books on Demand ProQuest Information & Learning (University of Microfilm International) 300 ... ... comprehend the risk-behaviours better and correlate it with the raw data/information/feelings that we derived from the interviews when we looked in... ... result of our sample remaining in this manner, we cannot predict or give information about the distribution/prevalence of AIDS among varied economi... ...Christianity. This is an unprobed area and there is a complete absence of information with regard to the vital role of religious faith. Finally as... ... are used in the study of the problem. In chapter III yet another fuzzy theory technique namely the bi-directional associative memories is used in... ...em. In Chapter IV we first just recall some basic notions of neutrosophic theory, neutrosophic cognitive maps that are utilized in the analysis of t... ... Rs.50 and most of them were only aged between 18-23. Another shocking information we derived from them was that most of the Andhra Pradesh based...

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... logic and first order interval neutrosophic predicate logic. The interval neutrosophic logic can reason and model fuzzy, incomplete and inconsistent information. In this chapter, we also design an interval neutrosophic inference system based on first order interval neutrosophic predicate logic. The interval neutrosophic inference system can be applied to decision making. ...

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...sophic Propositional Calculus . . . . . . . . . 23 2.2.2 Semantics of Interval Neutrosophic Propositional Calculus . . . . . . . . . 24 2.2.3 Proof Theory of Interval Neutrosophic Propositional Calculus . . . . . . . . 25 2.3 Interval Neutrosophic Predicate Calculus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27 2.3.1 Syntax of Interval Neutrosophic Predicate Calculus . . . . . . ...

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...This work covers a substantial mosaic of related concepts in utility theory as applied to financial decision-making. It reviews some of the classical notions of Benthamite utility and the normative utility paradigm offered by the von Neumann-Morgenstern expected utility theory; exploring its m...

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...YA Utility, Rationality and Beyond – From Behavioral Finance to Informational Finance 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 1 1 0 ... ... Utility, Rationality and Beyond – From Behavioral Finance to Informational Finance HEXIS ... ...ordered in a paper bound reprint from: Books on Demand ProQuest Information & Learning (University of Microfilm International) 300 ... ...umi.com/bod/search/basic Peer Reviewers: 1) Liu Feng, School of Information, Xi'an University of Finance and Economics, (Xi'an caijing xue... ...sor Dr. Kuldeep Kumar, Associate Professor of Statistics in the School of Information Technology, Bond University. Dr. Kumar has indeed been a remar... ...iness, Bond University for his thoughtful insights on some of the utility theory constructs. The author also feels indebted to a large extent to his ... ... This work covers a substantial mosaic of related concepts in utility theory as applied to financial decision-making. It reviews some of the cla... ... utility paradigm offered by the von Neumann-Morgenstern expected utility theory; exploring its major pitfalls before moving into what is postulated ... ...nd not always explicable using the known rules of statistical probability theory. 10 Individuals often have very distorted perceptions of ...

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...those is surveyed in Liu’s book [33]. To determine the embedding of a graph on surfaces, including coloring a map on surfaces is another trend in map theory. Its object is combinatorialization of surfaces, see Gross and Tucker [22], Mohar and Thomassen [53] and White [70], especially the [53] for detail. The construction of regular maps on surfaces, related maps with group...

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...ook can be ordered in a paper bound reprint from: Books on Demand ProQuest Information & Learning (University of Microfilm International) 300 N.Zeeb Ro... ...acific University, AK, USA. H.Iseri, Department of Mathematics and Computer Information Science, Mansfield University, Mansfield, PA 16933, USA. Copyrigh... ... on surfaces, including coloring a map on surfaces is another trend in map theory. Its object is combinatorialization of surfaces, see Gross and Tucke... ...on surfaces, related maps with groups and geometry is a glimmer of the map theory with other mathematics. In fact, maps as a kind of the decomposition... ...sition of surfaces, should be given more attention to its role in surfaces theory, such as the Riemann surfaces, Klein surfaces and manifolds theory. ... ...s and toprofessor Yanpei Liu introduced meinto thefiled ofcombinatorial map theory. Thanks are also given to Professor Mingyao Xu, Professor Yanxun Cha... ...idean. It seems thattheSmarandachegeometriesareconnected withtheRelativity Theory(because they include the Riemann geometry in a subspace) and with th... ...c automorphism groups of some well-known graphs, which give us some useful information for the semi-arc automorphism groups, for example, Aut1 2 K n =...

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...ebraic structure, linear algebra happens to be one of the subjects which yields itself to applications to several fields like coding or communication theory, Markov chains, representation of groups and graphs, Leontief economic models and so on. This book has for the first time, introduced a new algebraic structure called linear bialgebra, which is also a very powerful al...

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...dered in a paper bound reprint from: Books on Demand ProQuest Information & Learning (University of Microfilm International) 300... ...elds itself to applications to several fields like coding or communication theory, Markov chains, representation of groups and graphs, Leontief econ... ...in this direction. 1.3.2 Smarandache Leontief economic models Matrix theory has been very successful in describing the interrelations between ... ...ween the industries in the economy 32 under considerations. Using matrix theory we evaluate certain parameters. The basic equations of the input-... ...entation existing between members of a set introduced, we have studied the theory of directed graphs to mathematically model the types of sets and r... ...or the first time we give the results of bimatrices in the field of coding theory. Very recently we have defined the notion of bicodes here we give ... ...utions to the Student Mathematical Competitions. His latest interest is in information fusion were he works with Dr.Jean Dezert from ONERA (French N...

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...Physics template. This template can be downloaded from Progress in Physics home page http://www.geocities.com/ptep_online. Abstract and the necessary information about author(s) should be included into the papers. To submit a paper, mail the file(s) to Chief Editor. All submitted papers should be as brief as possible. Short articles are preferable. All that has been accept...

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.... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 L. Nottale Fractality Field in the Theory of Scale Relativity. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 L. Borisso... ... . . . . . . . . . . . 20 C. Castro, M. Pavˇ siˇ c The Extended Relativity Theory in Clifford Spaces.. . . . .31 K. Dombrowski Rational Numbers Distri... ... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85 Information for Authors and Subscribers Progress in Physics has been create... ...home page http://www.geocities.com/ptep_online. Abstract and the necessary information about author(s) should be included into the papers. To submit a... ...nal, the detec- tor reacts to a wave of the metric in accordance with this theory. Therefore it is concluded that quadrupole mass detectors would be t... ... of chronometric invariants (physical observable quantities in the General Theory of Relativity) defnes gravitational inertial force F i without the R... ...ned invariant under acceleration- boosts. This could reveal very important information about Black-holes Entropy and Holography. C. Castro. On Dual Ph... ...ned invariant under acceleration- boosts. This could reveal very important information about Black-holes Entropy and Holography. The logarithmic cor- ... ...ons see [86], [128]. It was advocated long ago by Wheeler and others, that information theory [106], set theory and number theory, may be the ultimate...

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...ook can be ordered in microfilm format from: Books on Demand ProQuest Information & Learning (University of Microfilm International) ... ...s: J. Dezert (France), Charles Le (US), I. Stojmenovic (Canada). For more information on neutrosophics see the below links: • 0. Introduction: ... ... and instability of stable systems. Let's note by <A> an idea, or proposition, theory, event, concept, entity, by <Non-A> what is not <A>, and by <A... ... to measure the truth, indeterminacy, and falsehood. My hypothesis is that no theory is exempted from paradoxes, because of the language imprecisio... ...ssible unlike myopic algorithms that look at each iteration only at very local information as with steepest descent method. As in non-monotonic logi... ...f this: what would happen if a non-p conclusion occurred? The inconsistence of information shows up in the result, if not eliminated from the beginn... ...eria and the complementarity of various sources. For example, the Possibility Theory (Zadeh 1978, Dubois, Prade) gives a better approach than the F... ... Theory (Zadeh 1978, Dubois, Prade) gives a better approach than the Fuzzy Set Theory (Yager) due to self-improving connectives. The Possibility Th... ..., The AI Magazine, 81-83, 1984. Combination of paradoxical sources of information within the neutrosophic framework Dr. Jean Dezert Abstrac...

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...Physics template. This template can be downloaded from Progress in Physics home page http://www.geocities.com/ptep_online. Abstract and the necessary information about author(s) should be included into the papers. To submit a paper, mail the file(s) to Chief Editor. All submitted papers should be as brief as possible. Short articles are preferable. All that has been accept...

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.... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 D. Rabounski A Theory of Gravity Like Electrodynamics. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .... ...sova Gravitational Waves and Gravitational Inertial Waves in the Gen- eral Theory of Relativity: A Theory and Experiments. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .... ...i, L. Borissova, F. Smarandache Quantum Causality Threshold in the General Theory of Relativity. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .... ...namics Formula. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 113 Information for Authors and Subscribers Progress in Physics has been create... ...home page http://www.geocities.com/ptep_online. Abstract and the necessary information about author(s) should be included into the papers. To submit a... ...d until it has been demonstrated that this is truly required by Einstein’s theory. Mere assumption is not permissible. 2 The basic geometry of the sim... ...ion of metric degrees of freedom into a part related to the true dynamical information and a part related only to the coordinate system. From this vie... ...xperimental statement on quan- tum teleportation has two channels in which information (the quantum state) transfers between two entangled particles: ... ...) transfers between two entangled particles: “teleportation channel” where information is transferred in- stantly, and “synchronization channel” — cla...

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...thus opening new ways of research in four fields: philosophy, logics, set theory, and probability/statistics. It was known to me his setting up in 1... ...so, to experiment." 2.2. Etymology: Paradoxism = paradox+ism, means the theory and school of using paradoxes in literary, artistic, philosophical... ... with different ideational spectra. Neutrosophy considers a proposition, theory, event, concept, or entity, "A" in relation to its opposite, "Anti- ... ...ard or non-standard subsets included in . 0, 1 + 0. The Fundamental Theory: Every idea <A> tends to be neutralized, diminished, balanced by <... ... because man is lost, small, unimportant, forgotten in the huge amalgam of information, news at every second, scientific and cultural forces... He d... ...hange". The philosopher is not capable of discovering unique form of information (Wittgenstein). But no use and (ab)use of neutrosophy in... .... This non-restriction allows paraconsistent, dialetheist, and incomplete information to be characterized in NL {i.e. the sum of all three component... ...ponents if they are defined as subsets can be >1 88 (for paraconsistent information coming from different sources) or < 1 for incomplete informati... ...ng from different sources) or < 1 for incomplete information}, while that information can not be described in IFL because in IFL the components T (t...

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...ordered in a paper bound reprint from: Books on Demand ProQuest Information & Learning (University of Microfilm International) 300 ... ...rete, successive times of emission. Isochrons are spherical bubbles of information expanding at the speed of light with center at the position th... ...ts take you. The premise of this book is that the effects of the special theory of relativity are a kinematical perspective rather than being real;... ...an infinite speed. The basis for the hypothesis lies in the entanglement theory of quantum mechanics and deals with the transfer of information ove... ...e entanglement theory of quantum mechanics and deals with the transfer of information over large distances. Dr. Florentin Smarandache Associ... ...co at Gallup February 2004 9 Guest Preface The special theory of relativity (STR) is indeed a kinematical perspective. By that I ... ...ollier's). Recent trends in thinking view the distortions of the special theory of relativity as only appearances, unable to affect Human physiolog... ...ted from special relativity, did not materialize. You wonder if this new information will be enough to justify an attempt to break the light barrie... ...ication. Ship-to-shore communication has to do with sending and receiving information; and as Norbert Weiner said, "Information is not matter or ene...

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... ordered in a paper bound reprint from: Books on Demand ProQuest Information & Learning (University of Microfilm International) 300 ... ...ache called Smarandache Notions Journal that is edited by Dr. Minh Perez. Information about it and other advances can be found on the web site devot... ...of Inference Section 7 Formal Reasoning Section 8 Quantification Theory Section 9 Uses of Logic In Computer Programming 7 13 14 1... ...o use truth tables to perform the computations. For that we need a formal theory. Definition 1.5.1: A formal theory is a system S constructed from... ...heorem in the system S. Example: The following is a formal axiomatic theory L a) The set of symbols in L are { ¬, →, (, ), T, F, p 1 , p 2 , ... ... . B Definition 1.5.2: The formal axiomatic theory L in the previous example is known as the propositional calculus. ... ... f = 1. B) But to refer to intuitionistic logic, which means incomplete information on a variable, proposition or event one has t + i + f < 1. ... ..., referring to paraconsistent logic, which means contradictory sources of information about a same logical variable, proposition, or event one has t ... ...hen it follows that t 2 = t 3 . However, if f 1 ≤ t 2 , then we have no information about t 3 , so we make no assumptions and set it equal to zero...

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...This book is devoted to an emerging branch of Information Fusion based on new approach for modeling the fusion problematic when the information provided by the sources is both uncertain and (highly) conflicting. This approach, known in literature as DSmT (standing for De...

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...on the enumeration of isotone Boolean functions . . . 51 3.2.2 Ordering based on the DSm cardinality . . . 52 3.2.3 Ordering based on the intrinsic informational content . . . 56 3.3 Conclusion . . . . . 59 3.4 References . . . . . 60 4 Combination of beliefs on hybrid DSm models 61 4.1 Introduction . . . . . 61 4.2 On the independence of the sources of evidences ....

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...This second book devoted on advances and applications of Dezert-Smarandache Theory (DSmT) for information fusion collects recent papers from different researchers working in engineering and mathematics. Part 1 of this book presents the current state-of-the-art on theoretical investigations while, Par...

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...Preamble iii Prefaces v Part I Advances on DSmT 1 Chapter 1 Proportional Conflict Redistribution Rules for Information Fusion 3 by Florentin Smarandache and Jean Dezert 1.1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . 3 1.2 The principal rules of combination . . . . . . . 6 1.2.1 Notion of total and partial conflicting masses . . . . . ...

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...Applications demonstrate the power of the DSmT framework. In this third Volume, DSmT is applied to the entire spectrum of the Information Fusion that would interest any reader in data, sensor, information, and mathematical fusion topics. Highlighted in Figure 1 are the contemporary issues that include the links between (1) data conditioning and info...

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...nality . . . . . . 46 1.6.3 The Generalized Pignistic Transformation . . . 47 1.7 The DSmP transformation . . . . . . . 48 1.7.1 The Probabilistic Information Content (PIC) . . . 49 1.7.2 The DSmP formula . . . . . . . 50 1.7.3 Examples for DSmP and BetP . . . . . . 51 1.8 Fusion of qualitative beliefs . . . . . . . 54 1.8.1 QualitativeOperators . . . . . . . 54 1....

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... An explanation of Beth experiment 66 6.4. Electrodynamics spin tensor 68 7 Other unsolved problems in various areas of science 72 7.1. Relativity theory 72 7.2. Questions related to Modified Bell’s theorem 73 7.3. Mind-matter interaction, hidden mystery of water 77 7.4. Quaternion wave interpretation of superconductor 80 7.5. Solar dynamics 83 7.6. Science of Ener...

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...nd the imbecility of the public; and the youngest, in honour of his perpetual wanderings, was known by the sobriquet of Randy Dand. It will be underst... ...nge how one-sided the pleasure of it is! He who goes fishing among the Scots peasantry with condescension for a bait will have an empty basket by even...

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...ization of Venn Diagram, by Florentin Smarandache.........84 ECONOMICS, BUSINESS, AND POLITICS.................87 10. Introduction to Poly-Emporium Theory in Economics, by V. Christianto, F. Smarandache, in Authors’ book Cultural Advantage for Cities. An Alternative for Developing Countries, InfoLearnQuest, Ann Arbor, 61 p., 2008............88 11. Global Totalitarianism...

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...ization of Venn Diagram, by Florentin Smarandache.........84 ECONOMICS, BUSINESS, AND POLITICS.................87 10. Introduction to Poly-Emporium Theory in Economics, by V. Christianto, F. Smarandache, in Authors’ book Cultural Advantage for Cities. An Alternative for Developing Countries, InfoLearnQuest, Ann Arbor, 61 p., 2008............88 11. Global Totalitarianism...

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...gether. Then Schomberg expounded in my hearing to three or four people his theory that Falk was after Captain Hermann’s niece, and asserted confidentl... ...n study- ing him these three years.” He was anxious I should assent to his theory. And indeed on thinking it over it would have been plausible enough ... ...nd shrivelled old hag propped on a stick, who had volunteered some sort of information: and with the same stolid face he kept up an animated conversat... ... want to hear any of his confidences. I feared he might give me a piece of information that would make my assumed role of match-maker odious—however u...

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...luence and do that thing. I will put the case in a form which will make my theory clear to you, I think. Here are two ingots of virgin gold. They shal... ...ory bark or two—and so on and so on; and when he was done you saw that the information which he had conveyed had not compensated for the disturbance. ... ... from people whose word was not to be doubted. And I gathered some further information. On the ground I found part of a German musical magazine, and i... ... that the brevity contains either What Is Man and Other Essays 154 wit or information. Writers of this school go in rags, in the matter of state dire... ...ens. Under the head of “Grammar” the little scholars furnish the following information: Gender is the distinguishing nouns without regard to sex. A ve... ...n anecdote at the head of this ar ticle, let us make another attempt: The theory that intuitive truths are discovered by the light of nature originat... ...ved, by certain perfectly trustworthy signs furnished by the Deity for the information of His familiars, that the end of the world was . . . about to... ...n building up a mountain range of facts with the intent to prove a certain theory; then he is so happy in his achievement that as a rule he overlooks ... ... not get in. Scientists have odious manners, except when you prop up their theory; then you can borrow money of them. To be strictly fair, I will conc...

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...ne of the Essay. A prejudice appears to exist in many quarters against the theory in question, on the supposition of its being opposed to one of the m... ... the national capital to replace itself with a profit. The futility of the theory implied in these and similar phrases, was an obvious consequence fro... ...ces exports, operates upon the prices of imports. According to the ancient theory of the balance of trade, and to the asso- ciations of the generality... ...ary resources employed in their construction would, according to the above theory, be considered pro- ductive, if every occupier of land were compelle... ...the definition of profits, it might seem natural to adopt, as a sufficient theory in regard to the rate of profit, that it depends upon the productive... ...en if absolute kings had never existed, or if history furnished us with no information of the manner in which they had conducted themselves. The first...

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...lled up in time. But not too hard. I have always been in favor of a little theory: we must have Thought; else we shall be landed back in the dark ages... ...ed a little, but felt that it would be indelicate just then to ask for any information which Mr. Casaubon did not proffer, and she turned to the windo... ...whose plodding application, rows of note books, and small taper of learned theory exploring the tossed ruins of the world, seemed to enforce a moral e... ... physicist and interpreter of hieroglyphs write detestable verses? Has the theory of the solar system been advanced by graceful manners and conversati... ...e her own, kept in abeyance for the time her usual eagerness for a binding theory which could bring her own life and doctrine into strict connection w... ... by forty years than it is at present. Travellers did not often carry full information on Christian art either in their heads or their pockets; and ev... ...ulstrode; and Mrs. Taft, who was always counting stitches and gathered her information in misleading fragments caught between the rows of her knitting... ...ly comfortable life for another fifteen years, or even more. I could add no information to this beyond anatomical or medical details, which would leave... ...nto a dialogue with Hiram Ford, a wagoner, in which he himself contributed information. He wished to know whether Hiram had seen fellows with staves a...

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... touching insincerity of the man to his own heart; and that fine-spun airy theory of friendship, so devoid, as I complained, of any quality of flesh a... ...y to believe it, and had ended by setting it down as a contribution to the theory of life. So with the more icy parts of this philosophy of Thoreau’s.... ...wound still bled afresh, while he deceived himself with reasons. Thoreau’s theory, in short, was one thing and himself an- other: of the first, the re... ...ne would have feared to make too much of these departures, or to found any theory upon what was perhaps purely accidental. The appearance of Quatre Vi... ...ll its richness, has fallen some- what out of sight in the pressure of new information and the apologetical ceremony of biographers. Mr. Carlyle made ... ...ay through life he had re- marked much upon other men, with more result in theory than practice; and he had reflected upon many subjects as he delved ... ...ely to gen- 131 Familiar Studies of Men & Books eralities and gave him no information as to their exploits, past, present, or to come. I suppose Taba...

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...those purposes for which speech was given to us, to wit, giving or receiving information or plea sure. For, if you would inform, a positive and dogma... ... him, I waited on him, and gave him the letter. He thank’d me cordially, the information being of impor tance to him; and from that time he became my... ...s of virtuous and manly minds. And considering the eagerness with which such information is sought by them, and the extent of your reputation, I do no... ...h him daily, and had full opportunity of removing all his prejudices, by the information of what the Assembly had before his arrival actually done, an... ...o the royal family, and an able experimenter, who had form’d and publish’d a theory of electricity, which then had the general vogue. He could not at ... ...te and published a volume of Letters, chiefly address’d to me, defending his theory, and denying the verity of my experi ments, and of the positions ... ...utobiography of Benjamin Franklin 146 in conversation. He gave me the first information that my old friend Jas. Ralph was still alive; that he was es...