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...Over the past 25 years, I have been immersed in research in Algebra and more particularly in ring theory. I embarked on writing this book on Smarandache rings (Srings) specially to motivate both ring theorists and Smarandache algebraists to develop and study several imp...

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... W. B. Vasantha Kandasamy Department of Mathematics Indian Institute of Technology, Madras Chennai – 600036, India ... ... . This is a major difference between a ring and a Smarandache ring. For, in a ring the lattice representation of ideals is always a modular lattice... ...e lattice representation of ideals is always a modular lattice but we see in case of S-rings the lattice representation of S-ideal need not in gener... ...ion of S-ideal need not in general be modular. This book can be ordered in a paper bound reprint from: Books on Demand ProQuest Informat... ...08- 226, (1988). 38. Jacobson.N, Theory of rings, American Mathematical Society, (1943). 39. Jacobson.N, Structure of ring, American Mathematica... ...ciety, (1943). 39. Jacobson.N, Structure of ring, American Mathematical Society, (1956). 40. Jin Xiang Xin, Nil generalized Hamiltonian rings, H... ...Associate Professor in the Department of Mathematics, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, where she lives with her husband Dr. K. Kandas... ...an Space Research Organization and with the Tamil Nadu State AIDS Control Society. She can be contacted at wbvasantha@indiainfo.com and vasantak@...

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...In this book, we study the subject of Smarandache Fuzzy Algebra. Originally, the revolutionary theory of Smarandache notions was born as a paradoxist movement that challenged the status quo of existing mathematics. The genesi...

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... W. B. Vasantha Kandasamy Department of Mathematics Indian Institute of Technology Madras Chennai – 600 036, India e-mail: vasantha@iitm.ac.in w... ...e of Technology Madras Chennai – 600 036, India e-mail: vasantha@iitm.ac.in web: http://mat.iitm.ac.in/~wbv AMERICAN RESEA... ...th their liberal intersections, describe Smarandache algebraic structures. In fact, Smarandache Algebra, like its predecessor, Fuzzy Algebra, arose f... ... which is an amalgamation of alternatives. This book can be ordered in a paper bound reprint from: Books on Demand ProQuest Informat... ... was an article in the New York Times about Bayesian things. It says this technology is 276 years old. Another example that comes to mind is hologra... ...l of this resonates with the social aspects of our life. Thinking about society, about revolution and revolt, and about the crusades against domin... ...Premchand. S., Fuzzy normal subgroups in fuzzy subgroups, J. Korean Math. Society, 29, 1-8 (1992). 87. MARTINEZ, Luis, Prime and L-fuzzy ideals... ...Associate Professor in the Department of Mathematics, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, where she lives with her husband Dr. K. Kandas... ...an Space Research Organization and with the Tamil Nadu State AIDS Control Society. She is currently authoring a ten book series on Smarandache Algeb...

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... dedicated to the new media, doing business on the web, digital content, its creation and distribution, e-publishing, e-books, digital reference, DRM technology, and other related issues....

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...ts reserved. This book, or any part thereof, may not be used or reproduced in any manner without written permission from: Lidija Rangelovska – writ... ... A Medium or a Message? http://samvak.tripod.com/internet.html World in Conflict and Transition http://samvak.tripod.com/guide.html ... ... creation and distribution, e-publishing, e-books, digital reference, DRM technology, and other related issues. http://samvak.tripod.com/internet... ...ndent, and the editor of mental health and Central East Europe categories in The Open Directory and Suite101. Between 1999-2002, he served as the Ec... ...quitous Project Gutenberg XXXII. The Media Downloader’s Profile Web Technology and Trends Thoughts on the Internet’s Founding Myths I. B... ...rrow X. The Case of the Compressed Image XI. Manage IT – Information Technology at a Crossroads The Internet and the Digital Divide I. The... ... working to realize FOS on several fronts. He is a consultant to the Open Society Institute on FOS issues. He is the general editor of the Web's for... ... help advance the cause. These foundations are led by George Soros' Open Society Institute, which convened the meeting that gave birth to the BOAI.... ...n do wonders for the dissemination of culture, literacy, democracy, civil society and so on. A. e-Books do wonders for the dissemination of culture,...

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...The financial crisis which erupted in mid-2007 has been widely viewed as the most serious financial crisis since the Great Depression of the 1930s. The crisis which originated in developed countries quickly spread to developing countries and the rest of the wo...

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...1. The Unfolding of Global Financial Crisis 2. The Global Financial Crisis and Developing Countries 3. Recent Trends in International Finance and Developmental Implications 4. The Rise of New Global Players 5. Financial Derivatives and the Globalization of Risk 6. Global Financial Crisis and India 7. Guid...

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...t Singh 3 Fixing Global Finance Fixing Global Finance was first published in 2010 by Madhyam and SOMO. Madhyam 148, Maitri Apartments Plot No.28 Patp... ...one: 91-11-43036919 Email: madhyamdelhi@gmail.com Website: www.madhyam.org.in Stichting Onderzoek Multinationale Ondernemingen Centre for Research on ... .... The Global Financial Crisis and Developing Countries 22 3. Recent Trends in International Finance and Developmental Implications 30 4. The Rise of N... ...Reforms and Developing Countries 101 9. Global Financial Reforms and Civil Society: A Bottom up Approach 114 Glossary 121-124 Bibliography 125-127 5 ... ...the economic downturn has been severe on most vulnerable sections of their society. In the US, the number of people living in poverty and without heal... ..., corporate governance, labor rights and public services, deeply affecting society, human rights and environment alike. Were they to be assessed in te... ... have attracted more interest than traditional sectors such as information technology, information technology-enabled 41 Fixing Global Finance servic... ...ector and would encourage domestic banks to adopt “best practices” and new technology. The processes involved in the banking sector liberalization in ... ...ector and would encourage domestic banks to adopt “best practices” and new technology. 67 Fixing Global Finance There is a popular perception that fo...

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... All rights reserved. This book, or any part thereof, may not be used or reproduced in any manner without written permission from: Lidija Rangelovs... ...unet.com.mk or to vaknin@link.com.mk Visit the Author Archive of Dr. Sam Vaknin in "Central Europe Review": http://www.ce-review.org/authorarchi... ... of the Market XIII. The Myth of the Earnings Yield XIV. Immortality and Mortality in the Economic Sciences XV. The Agent-Principal Conundrum XV... ...VII. The Lessons of Transition XXXVIII. The Morality of Child Labor XXXIX. Law and Technology XL. The Author Economics - Psychology's Neglected B... ...ptive Powers – The theory must yield policy prescriptions, much like physics yields technology. Economists must develop "economic technology" - a se... ...h the power to change the " economic world". k. Imposing – It must be regarded by society as the preferable and guiding organizing principle in th... ... beings) - or by improving the efficiency of the allocation of economic resources. Technology and innovation are supposed to achieve the former - r... ...azard", written by Paul Mosley and John Hudson, and presented at the Royal Economic Society's 1998 Annual Conference, the authors wrote: "Empirical... ...benefits of free online scholarship for developing countries. The WHO and the Open Society Institute initiated HINARI - Health InterNetwork Access ...

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Cyclopedia of issues in economics analyzed through the prism of the economies of countries in transition, emerging markets, and developing countries.

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... All rights reserved. This book, or any part thereof, may not be used or reproduced in any manner without written permission from: Lidija Rangelovs... ... and Musings: http://philosophos.tripod.com The Silver Lining – Ethical Dilemmas in Modern Films http://samvak.tripod.com/film.html Download f... ... another's right - should never be confused with one SHOULD or OUGHT to do morally (in the absence of a right). The right to life has eight distinc... ...hand, everyone has a right to sustain his or her life, maintain, or prolong them at SOCIETY's expense (no matter how major and significant the resou... ...ple: Everyone has a right to sustain his or her life, maintain, or prolong them at society's expense. Public hospitals, state pension schemes, and ... ...lic hospitals, state pension schemes, and police forces may be required to fulfill society's obligations - but fulfill them it must, no matter how ... ...alism and some forms of proto-Communism). Primitivist and green anarchists reject technology, globalization, and capitalism as well as the state. ... ...echnology, globalization, and capitalism as well as the state. Yet, globalization, technology, (and capitalism) are as much in opposition to the cl... ...c modus operandi - flourished at these times. The dotcom revolution was less about technology than about new ways of doing business - mixing umptee...

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...In a world of chaotic alignments, traditional logic with its strict boundaries of truth and falsity has not imbued itself with the capability of reflecting the reality. Despite various attempts to reorient logic, there has re...

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... W. B. Vasantha Kandasamy Department of Mathematics Indian Institute of Technology, Madras Chennai – 600036, India E-mail: vasantha@iitm.ac.in ... ...e of Technology, Madras Chennai – 600036, India E-mail: vasantha@iitm.ac.in Florentin Smarandache Department of Mathematics University of N... ...nity Mobilization and the HIV/AIDS Epidemic. This book can be ordered in a paper bound reprint from: Books on Demand ProQuest Inform... ...om Peer reviewers: Sukanto Bhattacharya, School of Information Technology, Bond University, Australia; Dr. Jean Dezert, ONERA (French Nat... ... ISBN: 1-931233-76-4 Standard Address Number: 297-5092 Printed in the United States of America 3 CONTENTS Dedication 4 Preface 5... ...wed view. Prof. Bart Kosko, in his book Heaven in a Chip: Fuzzy Visions of Society and Science in the Digital Age writes that fuzzy theory can offer ... ...esign of hybrid models for complex systems; mobile robots and in intimate technology such as office plants; analysis of business performance assessme... ... an expert's opinion we study the effect of such unemployed people on the society. An expert spells out the five major concepts relating to the unem... ...with safety 6. Provide hospital for employees and their family 7. Credit society and co-operative stores 8. Awards for highest sale made by salesma...

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...otality, limited view on a system because of its complexity) or the acquisition errors (intrinsically imperfect observations, the quantitative errors in measures).”...

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... (second printed edition) 2002 This book can be ordered in microfilm format from: Books on Demand ProQuest Informati... ... ISBN: 1-931233-67-5 Standard Address Number: 297-5092 Printed in the United States of America First International Confe... ...unm.edu/~smarandache/FirstNeutConf.htm. A selection of them is being published in these Proceedings of the Conference. Abstracts of papers were... ...on Meeting, Santa Barbara, CA, USA, Meeting # 951 of the American Mathematical Society, March 11-12, 2000, http://www.ams.org/amsmtgs/2064_presenter... ...olving a Problem in the Doctrine of Chances”, Philosophical Trans. of the Royal Society, Vol. 53, pp. 370 418, 1763 (also reprinted in Biometrika, Vol... ...A.P.,“A Generalization of Bayesian Inference”, Journal of the Royal Statistical Society, Serie B, Vol. 30, pp. 205 247, 1968. [13] Dezert J., “Optimal... ...ation”, technical Note 307, Artificial Intelligence Center, Computer Science and Technology Division, SRI International, Menlo Park, CA, 1983. [34] Les... ... to new economies problems. Rapid changes by the introduction of ever changing technology have made the use of traditional statistical methods quest... ...old Coast, QLD 9726 Australia and Sukanto Bhattacharya School of Information Technology Bond University, Gold Coast, QLD 4229, Australia Abst...

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...Progress in Physics has been created for publications on advanced studies in theoretical and experimental physics, including related themes from mathematics. All submitted papers should be professional, in good English, containing a b...

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...The Journal on Advanced Studies in Theoretical and Experimental Physics, including Related Themes from Math... ...h the Library of Congress (DC). This journal is peer reviewed and included in the abstracting and indexing coverage of: Mathematical Reviews and MathS... .../ptep_online To order printed issues of this journal, con- tact the Editor in Chief. Chief Editor Dmitri Rabounski rabounski@yahoo.com Associate Edito... ...Ahluwalia D. V. Phys. Letters, v. B485, 2000, 215. 10. Born M. Proc. Royal Society, v. A165, 1938, 291. Rev. Mod. Physics, v. 21, 1949, 463. 11. Caian... ... of the Fine Structure Constant. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, v. 327, 2001, 1208. 20. Uzan J. P. The fundamental constants and t... ...well R. Foundations of Physics, v. 25, 1995, 1511. 49. Born M. Proc. Royal Society, v. A165, 1938, 291. Rev. Mod. Physics, v. 21, 1949, 463. 50. Cliff... ...of 77. He received a B. S. in Mathematics from the California Institute of Technology and a Ph. D. in physics from the University of California at Los... ...versity of Innsbruck in Austria and US National Institute of Standards and Technology (starting from December 1997, Rainer Blatt, David Wineland et al...