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Papers concerning any of the Smarandache type functions, sequences, integer algorithms, paradoxes, Non-Euclidean geometries, conjectures, open problems, neutrosophic logic/set/probability, etc. have been selected for this volume. The...

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In 1854 Lorrin Andrews published his Hawaiian Grammar, a standard work for many years, and even today interesting to all students of the Hawaiian language. It is now out of print, howíever, and hence difficult to secure. In 1891 Prof. William D. Alexander published his “Short Synopsis of the Hawaiian Grammar,” an excellent work for all students of the language, but not sufficiently complete as a series of lessons for class-work. In 1930 Mrs. Mary Atcherly wrote “First Book in Hawaiian,” which was authorized by the Legislature of the Territory of Hawaii and handled by the Hawaiian Board Book Booms. In view of the increasing interest in the language of the Hawaiian, people, amounting to a renascence in Hawaiiana, it has been felt that a new work in the Hawaiian language, based on modern systems of instruction such as are used in teaching French, Spanish, Italian or German should be prepared for use in class-rooms throughout the islands and also for individual study. I am grateful to a group of persons interested in the promotion of this book, whose encouragement has meant much to the editor. And I am indebted to earlier works...

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Hawaiian is one branch of the Polynesian language. It may well be regarded as a dialect of the Polynesian, others being the Samoan, Tahitian, Marquesan, Tuamotuan, and Maori dialects chiefly. There is an affinity between these dialects, some being closer than others. The Maori, Tahitian and Tuamotuan are closer to the Hawaiian in vocabulary than is the Samoan to the Hawaiian. And yet there are many words in the Samoan dialect exactly the same as in Hawaiian. The original home of the Polynesians was in India in all probability, and after a long period of migration they found themselves in the Pacific Ocean area. It is most likely that Tahiti or Raiatea in the Society Islands was the point from which the original migration of the alii and kahuna to Hawaii took place almost a thousand years ago. There are records of various voyages between Tahiti and Hawaii; the names of these pioneers have been handed down from generation to generation....

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The present book discusses, among other things, various quantization phenomena found in Astrophysics and some related issues including Brownian Motion. With recent discoveries of exoplanets in our galaxy and beyond, this Astrophysics quantization issue has attracted numerous discussions in the past few years. Most chapters in this book come from published papers in various peer-reviewed journals, and they cover different methods to describe quantization, including Weyl geometry, Supersymmetry, generalized Schrödinger, and Cartan torsion method. In some chapters Navier-Stokes equations are also discussed, because it is likely that this theory will remain relevant in Astrophysics and Cosmology While much of the arguments presented in this book are theoretical, nonetheless we recommend further observation in order to verify or refute the propositions described herein. It is of our hope that this volume could open a new chapter in our knowledge on the formation and structure of Astrophysical systems. ...

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Abstract We explore Yang’s Noncommutative space-time algebra (involving two length scales) within the context of QM defined in Noncommutative spacetimes and the holographic area-coordinates algebra in Clifford spaces. Casimir invariant wave equations corresponding to Noncommutative coordinates and momenta in d-dimensions can be recast in terms of ordinary QM wave equations in d + 2-dimensions. It is conjectured that QM over Noncommutative spacetimes (Noncommutative QM) may be described by ordinary QMin higher dimensions. Novel Moyal-Yang-Fedosov-Kontsevich star products deformations of the Noncommutative Poisson Brackets are employed to construct star product deformations of scalar field theories. Finally, generalizations of the Dirac-Konstant and Klein-Gordonlike equations relevant to the physics of D-branes and Matrix Models are presented. ...

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The creation of a book is an act that requires several preconditions. I) An interesting and worthwhile subject; 2) A fair, yet demanding editor.; 3) Someone willing to put the words on paper. Given the existence of these three items, the leap to making the book a good one becomes the responsibility of the author. The Smarandache function is simultaneously a logical extension to earlier functions in number theory as well as a key to many future paths of exploration. As such, it is hoped that you get as much out of this book as the author did in writing it. While all books are a collective work, the responsibility for any errors ultimately falls to the author, and this is no exception....

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As one of the oldest of mathematical disciplines, the roots of number theory extend back into antiquity. Problems are often easy to state, but extremely difficult to solve. Which is the origin of much of their charm. All mathematicians, amateurs and professionals alike, have a soft spot in their hearts for the "purity" of the integers. When "Fermat's Last Theorem" was finally proven after centuries of effort, the result was discussed on many major news shows in the US. Brief comments also appeared in the major weekly news magazines....

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Aims and Scope: The International J.Mathematical Combinatorics (ISSN 1937-1055) is a fully refereed international journal, and published quarterly comprising 100-150 pages approx. per volume, which publishes original research papers and survey articles in all aspects of Smarandache multi-spaces, Smarandache geometries, mathematical combinatorics, non-euclidean geometry and topology and their applications to other sciences. Topics in detail to be covered are: Smarandache multi-spaces with applications to other sciences, such as those of algebraic multi-systems, multi-metric spaces,. . . , etc.. Smarandache geometries; Differential Geometry; Geometry on manifolds; Topological graphs; Algebraic graphs; Random graphs; Combinatorial maps; Graph and map enumeration; Combinatorial designs; Combinatorial enumeration; Low Dimensional Topology; Differential Topology; Topology of Manifolds; Geometrical aspects of Mathematical Physics and Relations with Manifold Topology; Applications of Smarandache multi-spaces to theoretical physics; Applications of Combinatorics to mathematics and theoretical physics; Mathematical theory on gravitatio...

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The Characterization of Symmetric Primitive Matrices with Exponent n − 2 Junliang Cai Abstract: In this paper the symmetric primitive matrices of order n with exponent n − 2 are completely characterized by applying a combinatorial approach, i.e., mathematical combinatorics ([7]). Key words: primitive matrix, primitive exponent, graph....

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The Characterization of Symmetric Primitive Matrices with Exponent n − 2 BY JUNLIANG CAI . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 01 Characterizations of Some Special Space-like Curves in Minkowski Space-time BY MELIH TURGUT AND SUHA YILMAZ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17 Combinatorially Riemannian Submanifolds BY LINFAN MAO. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23 Smarandache Half-Groups BY ARUN S.MUKTIBODH. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .46 On Smarandache Bryant Schneider Group of a Smarandache Loop BY T. G. JA´IY´EOL´A . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51 Some Properties of Nilpotent Lattice Matrices BY QIYI FAN . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64 On the Crossing Number of the Join of Some 5-Vertex Graphs and Pn BY BO LI, JING WANG AND YUANQIU HUANG . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70 Identities by L-summing Method (II) BY MEHDI HASSANI . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 78 On the Basis Numbe...

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This work covers a substantial mosaic of related concepts in utility theory as applied to financial decision-making. It reviews some of the classical notions of Benthamite utility and the normative utility paradigm offered by the von Neumann-Morgenstern expected utility theory; exploring its major pitfalls before moving into what is postulated as an entropic notion of utility. Extrinsic utility is proposed as a cardinally measurable quantity; measurable in terms of the expected information content of a set of alternative choices. The entropic notion of utility is subsequently used to model the financial behavior of individual investors based on their governing risk-return preferences involving financial structured products manufactured out of complex, multi-asset options. Evolutionary superiority of the Black-Scholes function in dynamic hedging scenarios is computationally demonstrated using a haploid genetic algorithm model programmed in Borland C. The work explores, both theoretically and computationally, the psycho-cognitive factors governing the financial behavior of individual investors both in the presence as well as absence o...

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A line of thought explored herein is the correspondence between cosmological phenomena and condensed matter physics, and therefore we can think that the quantization of orbit distances can be caused by superfluid helium quantization. This issue is explored by F. Smarandache and V. Christianto. Moreover, F. Smarandache also discusses possible new era of research that is pertaining to superluminal physics and instantaneous physics. Ion Patrascu and D. Rabounski discuss superluminality from their perspectives. And M. Pereira discusses his Hypergeometrical Universe model....

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Preface III Contents IV Planetary orbits in Solar and Extrasolar systems (A. Rubcic & J. Rubcic) Fizika A, 19 no.3, 2010...................1 Areal velocities of planets and their comparison (P. Pintr, V. Per\inova% , A. Luks\) unpubl. 2011...................15 Distribution of distances in solar system (P. Pintr, V. Perinova , A. Luks) Chaos , Soliton, Fractals 2007...................27 New cosmological model of universe and possible quantization of the Hubble parameter (P.Pintr) unpublished paper, Dec. 2011...................39 Do we really understand the solar system? (M. Pitkanen) Nov. 27th 2011...................50 Inflation and TGD (M. Pitkanen) Dec. 10th 2011...................70 QCD and TGD (M. Pitkanen) Dec. 19th 2011...................78 Quantum arithmetics and the relationship between real and p-adic physics (M. Pitkanen) Dec. 12th 2011...................94 A blind pilot: who is super-luminal observer? (D. Rabounski) Progress in Physics Vol.2, 2008................126 Scientist deduced the existence of particles with faster-than-light speeds recently discovered by CERN. (I. Patrascu) Progress in Physics Vol.4, 20...

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This book contains 23 papers, most of which were written by participants to the fifth International Conference on Number Theory and Smarandache Notions held in Shangluo University, China, in March, 2009. In this Conference, several professors gave a talk on Smarandache Notions and many participants lectured on them both extensively and intensively. All these papers are original and have been refereed. The themes of these papers range from the mean value or hybrid mean value of Smarandache type functions, the mean value of some famous number theroretic functions acting on the Smarandache sequences, to the convergence property of some infinite series involving the Smarandache type sequences. ...

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3. Remarks Sandor [2] has considered the problem of finding the S-perfect and completely S-perfect numbers, but his proof is not complete. He has proved that the only S-perfect of the form n = p q is n = 6 and there is no S-perfect number of the form n = 2kq where k ¸ 2 is an integer and q is an odd prime. On the other hand, Theorem 2.1 gives all the S-perfect numbers. Again, Sandor only proved that, the only completely S-perfect number of the form n = p2q is n = 28, and all completely S-perfect numbers are given by Theorem 2.2. Theorem 2.1 and Theorem 2.2 ¯nd respectively the S-perfect and completely S-perfect numbers when S(1) = 1. The situation is quite different if one adopts the convention that S(0) = 1. In the latter case, as has been proved by Gronas [3], all completely S-perfect numbers are n = p(prime), 9, 16, 24. All that is known about the S-perfect numbers is that, among the ¯rst 106 numbers, n = 12 is the only S-perfect number (see Ashbacher [4]). In exactly the same way, the Z-perfect and completely Z-perfect numbers may be defined. Thus, given an integer n, 1. ...

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J. Wang : An equation related to the Smarandache power function 1 X. Lu and J. Hu : On the F.Smarandache 3n-digital sequence 5 B. Cheng : An equation involving the Smarandache double factorial function and Euler function 8 A. A. K. Majumdar : S-perfect and completely S-perfect numbers 12 B. Zhao and S. Wang: Cyclic dualizing elements in Girard quantales 21 P. Chun and Y. Zhao : On an equation involving the Smarandache function and the Dirichlet divisor function 27 F. Li and Y. Wang : An equation involving the Euler function and the Smarandache m-th power residues function 31 H. Gunarto and A. Majumdar : On numerical values of Z(n) 34 K. Nagarajan, etc.: M-graphoidal path covers of a graph 58 H. Liu : On the cubic Gauss sums and its fourth power mean 68 A. A. K. Majumdar : On the dual functions Z¤(n) and S¤(n) 74 S. S. Gupta : Smarandache sequence of Ulam numbers 78 L. Li : A new Smarandache multiplicative function and its arithmetical properties 83 Y. Yang and X. Kang : A predator-prey epidemic model with infected predator 86 R. Fu and H. Yang : An equation involving the Lucas numbers 90 W. Yang : Two rings in IS-a...

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A book on Smarandache's achievements throughout his life time with a short history on his personal life.

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In the beginning, this international avant-garde was a mutism: to make literature by not writing literature at all!! (any mathematical/chemical/physical etc. abstract sign, any drawing, draft, picture, graffito (having no words, no letters) could mean a poem; the non-literature created became, paradoxically, a new kind of literature; later the paradoxism has generalized the old term of for the n-dimensional and other scientific (Lobacevsky, Riemann, Banach, etc.) spaces, thus a poem can be; an object, a being, a phenomenon, a status ... understandable in a universal language. And further, using mathematics and literature, he got to the Paradoxist Philosophy with the thesis that "Nothing is noncontradictorial" ....

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Abstract................................... 3 Biography Smarandache's wrong life........................ 4 As a mathematician............................ 6 Political reason to leave his native country............. 10 Smarandache Function......................... 20 Mathematical poems........................... 22 What is the paradoxism?........................ 23 Funny stories.............................. 25 Scientific activity Affiliations............................... 27 Mathematical books published.................... 27 Mathematical articles published................... 28 Contributions to many journals................... 32 Collective collections of mathematical problems books..... 33 Manuscripts............................... 33 International congresses of mathematics.............. 34 National seminars/colloquiums................... 34 Student mathematical competitions................. 35 Paintings................................... 37 Literary activity Affiliations............................... 38 The Paradoxist Literary Movement................. 39 Books written in English language................. 39...

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These ideas were either collected or inspired from author's various lectures of books, journals, newspapers, tv and radio shows, personal conversations. I started to write down such ideas since I was a high school student and continue even today - I always bear with me a small pen and small notebook where I write in the plane, or driving my car, or even in class room. Despite three decades of postponement, I hope this booklet will keep on inspiring the reader, as good ideas will always be worth to ponder....

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• Be competitive; • Don’t be panic, when under pressure; • Use probabilities (how much % you’re expected to produce); • Infiltrate in certain organizations; • To have power of influence; • Charm those who interact with you; • Be firm and fast in decisions; • To make a plan for a long period of time and subdivide it in smaller sub-plans for short periods of time...

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PREFACE ........................................ 3 CONTENTS......................................... 5 LIFE STRATEGIES 1. Best Tips for Life ...................................................... 6 2. Life Strategies in General Science..........................8 3. Life Strategies in Mathematics..............................11 4. Life Strategies in Medical Science .......................23 5. Life Strategies in Workplace & Social Life........28 6. Life Strategies in Personal Life .............................34 7. Life Strategies in General Arts .............................41 Appendix: Miscellaneous App.1. FS........................................ 54 App.2.American writing..............................................55 App3.The International Phonetic Alphabet.............67...

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Chapter 1 first introduces the interval neutrosophic sets which is an instance of neutrosophic sets. In this chapter, the definition of interval neutrosophic sets and set-theoretic operators are given and various properties of interval neutrosophic set are proved. Chapter 2 defines the interval neutrosophic logic based on interval neutrosophic sets including the syntax and semantics of first order interval neutrosophic propositional logic and first order interval neutrosophic predicate logic. The interval neutrosophic logic can reason and model fuzzy, incomplete and inconsistent information. In this chapter, we also design an interval neutrosophic inference system based on first order interval neutrosophic predicate logic. The interval neutrosophic inference system can be applied to decision making. Chapter 3 gives one application of interval neutrosophic sets and logic in the field of relational databases. Neutrosophic data model is the generalization of fuzzy data model and paraconsistent data model. Here, we generalize various set-theoretic and relation-theoretic operations of fuzzy data model to neutrosophic data model. Chapter ...

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The neutrosophic set generalizes the above mentioned sets from philosophical point of view. From scientific or engineering point of view, the neutrosophic set and set-theoretic operators need to be specified. Otherwise, it will be difficult to apply in the real applications. In this chapter, we de_ne the set theoretic operators on an instance of neutrosophic set called Interval Neutrosophic Set (INS). We call it as “interval" because it is subclass of neutrosophic set, that is we only consider the subunitary interval of [0; 1]....

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Preface iii 1 Interval Neutrosophic Sets 1 1.1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 1.2 Neutrosophic Set . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 1.3 Interval Neutrosophic Set . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 1.4 Properties of Set-theoretic Operators . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 1.5 Convexity of Interval Neutrosophic Set . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 1.6 Conclusions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 1.7 Appendix . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 2 Interval Neutrosophic Logic 21 2.1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21 2.2 Interval Neutrosophic Propositional Calculus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23 2.2.1 Syntax of Interval Neutrosophic Propositional Calculus . . . . . . . . . 23 2.2.2 Semantics of Interval Neutrosophic Propositional Calculus . . . . . . . . . 24 2.2.3 Proof Theory of Interval Neutrosophic Propositional Calculus . . . . . . . . 25 2.3 Interval Neutrosophic Predicate Calculus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27 2.3.1 Syntax of Interval Neutrosophic Predicate Cal...

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In this book authors study and analyze the problem of school dropouts and their life after. The problems can by no means be analyzed by collecting the numerical data. For such data can only serve as information beyond that the data can be of no use, for the school dropouts suffer an environment change after becoming a school dropout. Thus the emotions of the school dropout; is technically involved....

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The basic tools used in the analysis of the problem of school dropout and their life after are described briefly in this chapter. We provide also the references for these concepts. Bart Kosko introduced the Fuzzy Cognitive Maps (FCMs) in the year 1986. Fuzzy Cognitive Maps are fuzzy structures that strongly resemble neural networks, and they have powerful and far-reaching consequences as a mathematical tool for modeling complex systems. FCM was a fuzzy extension of the cognitive map pioneered in 1976 by political scientist Robert Axelord, who used it to represent knowledge as an interconnected, directed, bilevel-logic graph....

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Preface 5 Chapter One INTRODUCTION 7 Chapter Two BASIC CONCEPTS 21 Chapter Three CAUSES OF SCHOOL DROPOUTS – A MATHEMATICAL ANALYSIS 35 Chapter Four SCHOOL DROPOUTS AS CHILD LABOURERS 59 Chapter Five SCHOOL DROPOUTS AS RAG PICKERS USING FUZZY MODELS 79 Chapter Six PERFORMANCE ASPECTS OF SCHOOL STUDENTS USING RULE BASED CONTROL SYSTEM 89 Chapter Seven MIGRATION OF PARENTS AND THE SCHOOL DROPOUTS A STUDY USING THE FUZZY RELATIONAL MAPS MODEL 99 Chapter Eight THE IMPACT OF MISSIONARY INTERVENTIONS ON THE EDUCATION AND REHABILITATION OF DEPRIVED CHILDREN – A FUZZY ANALYSIS 117 Chapter Nine CONCLUSIONS AND SUGGESTIONS 129 FURTHER READING 139 INDEX 143 ABOUT THE AUTHORS 145...

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In this book the authors study the erasure techniques in concatenated Maximum Rank Distance (MRD) codes. The authors for the first time in this book introduce the new notion of concatenation of MRD codes with binary codes, where we take the outer code as the RD code and the binary code as the inner code....

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We want to find efficient algebraic methods to improve the realiability of the transmission of messages. In this chapter we give only simple coding and decoding algorithms which can be easily understood by a beginner. Binary symmetric channel is an illustration of a model for a transmission channel. Now we will proceed onto define a linear code algebraically....

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Preface 5 Chapter One BASIC CONCEPTS 7 Chapter Two ALGEBRAIC LINEAR CODES AND THEIR PROPERTIES 29 Chapter Three ERASURE DECODING OF MAXIMUM RANK DISTANCE CODES 49 3.1 Introduction 49 3.2 Maximum Rank Distance Codes 51 3.3 Erasure Decoding of MRD Codes 54 Chapter Four MRD CODES –SOME PROPERTIES AND A DECODING TECHNIQUE 63 4.1 Introduction 63 4.2 Error-erasure Decoding Techniques to MRD Codes 64 4.3 Invertible q-Cyclic RD Codes 83 4.4 Rank Distance Codes With Complementary Duals 101 4.4.1 MRD Codes With Complementary Duals 103 4.4.2 The 2-User F-Adder Channel 106 4.4.3 Coding for the 2-user F-Adder Channel 107 Chapter Five EFFECTIVE ERASURE CODES FOR RELIABLE COMPUTER COMMUNICATION PROTOCOLS USING CODES OVER ARBITRARY RINGS 111 5.1 Integer Rank Distance Codes 112 5.2 Maximum Integer Rank Distance Codes 114 Chapter Six CONCATENATION OF ALGEBRAIC CODES 129 6.1 Concatenation of Linear Block Codes 129 6.2 Concatenation of RD Codes With CR-Metric 140 FURTHER READING 153 INDEX 157 ABOUT THE AUTHORS 161...

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One man's story of his reason for emigrating from his home country of Romania to come to America.

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Cuprins ................................ 3 ¡Ajutați-mă să emigrez! (Prefață)................................18 Declaration for Emigration as Political Refugee in USA Individual Data........................................21 Reasons to leave my country......................................24 Religious Reasons..........................................24 Political Reasons.........................................25 Addition........................................................31 Changes in Individual Data..........................................33 Poze din lagăr..................................................35 SCRISORI OLOGRAFE DIN LAGǍRUL DE REFUGIAȚI POLITICI.................43 ANUL 1988 1. Cher Monsieur Camp (Istanbul, le 15.10.1988)…………44 2. Dear Professor Beno Arbel (Istanbul, 15.10.1988)…………46 3. Cher Monsieur le Directeur de la Maison d'Edition “Albin Michel” (Istanbul, le 16.10.1988)…………47 4. Ma Chère Traductrice [Chantal Signoret, Aix – en – Provence] (Istanbul, 17.10.1988).............................49 5. Stimate D-le Corduneanu (Istanbul, 19 – 20.10.1988)…………50 6. Dear Professor WEGNER (Istanbul, 20...

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前言 数论这门学科最初是从研究整数开始的, 所以叫做整数论. 后来整数 论又进一步发展, 就叫做数论了. 确切的说, 数论就是一门研究整数性质 的学科. 在我国, 数论也是发展最早的数学分支之一. 许多著名的数学著 作中都有关于数论内容的论述, 比如求最大公约数、勾股数组、某些不 定方程整数解的问题等等... Foreword Number theory, this discipline was originally started from the study integer, so called Number Theory. Later integer on further development of number theory called it. Rather, number theory is an integer nature of Discipline in our country, the development of number theory is one of the oldest branches of mathematics and many well-known mathematical forward work on number theory in both the content of discourse, such as the common denominator, Pythagorean, some do not Equation given integer solution problems, and so…....

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第一章Smarandache函数的问题及其新进展1 1.1 引言. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 1.2 Smarandache非构造序列. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 1.3 Smarandache数字和. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 1.4 Smarandache数字乘积. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 1.5 Smarandache Pierced链. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 1.6 Smarandache因子乘积. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 1.7 Smarandache真因子乘积. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 1.8 Smarandache平方补数. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 1.9 Smarandache立方补数. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 1.10 Smarandache广义剩余序列. . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 1.11 Smarandache素数列. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 1.12 Smarandache平方列. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 1.13 Smarandache素数可加补数. . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 1.14 Smarandache函数S(n) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19 1.15 Smarandache双阶乘函数. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31 1.16 Smarandache商函数. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42 1.17 Smarandache p次幂原函数. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43 1.18 第一类伪Smarandache素数. . . . . . . . . . . . . 43 1.19 第一类伪Smarandache平方数. . . . . . . . . . . . 44 1.20 Goldbach-Smarandache序列. . . . . . . . . . . . . 46 1.21 Vinogradov-Smarandache序列. . . . . . . . . . . . 46 ...

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A how to book on Chinese construction, in theory and practice.

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Abstract: A tendering is a negotiating process for a contract through by a tenderer issuing an invitation, bidders submitting bidding documents and the tenderer accepting a bidding by sending out a notification of award. It is a main measure for completing market economy in China. According to laws and new regulations, rulers and codes new issued, this book introduces fundamental knowledge and techniques in theory and practice for a construction contract by bids, such as those of macro-economic policies, investing and constructing management, the tendering and bidding law with its regulations and how to compile a qualification document for a designing, consulting, constructing, purchasing project or a corporate body of a project management. By Smarandache multi-spaces, a mathematical evaluation model for bids is established and examples are included. The Tendering and Bidding Law of China, 5 regulations related and 100 answers for tendering and bidding in China can be found in the attachment. It is referable to researchers on theory or persons working in purchasing and students in universities....

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科学面临的难题 _ 中智学为何诞生 中智学(neutrosophy)起源于1995年美国, 它站在东西文化交融的立场上, 从对立统一的角度探索从科学技术到文学艺术的一切宏观及微观结构, 构造超越一切学科、超越自然科学与社会科学界限的统一场, 以解决当今认知科学、信息科学、系统科学、经济学、量子力学等科学技术前沿难题——非确定性问题。中智学努力通过新型开放模式改造当今各自然科 与社会科学, 实现它们的新陈代谢、改革创新和更新换代。中智学在我们中国还属空白, 故借 对学科正式命名并引入中国。...

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中智学, 新的哲学分支 _(Neutrosophy - A New Branch of Philosophy) 摘要: 本文推出了一个新的哲学分支, 中智学 _(neutrosphy), 研究中性的起源、本质和范畴以及和不同思想观念的作用。它的基本点是: 任何观念具有T%的真实性、I%的不确定性以及 的谬误性, 其中T, I, F为╟-0, 1+╢的标准或非标准子集。 _基本理论:任何观念 _ 趋于被 _ 所中和、削弱和平衡 _(不仅仅是被黑格尔主 的), 达到一种平衡状态。 中智学是中智逻辑学 _(在模糊逻辑的基础上总结出来的多值逻辑)、中智集合论 _(模糊 合论的概括总结)、中智概率论和中智统计学 _(分别是经典及非精确概率论、统计学的概括 结) 的基础。 _ 关键字与短语: 非标准分析, 超实数, 无穷小, 单子, 非标准实数单位区间, 集合运算。 _...

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译者序 _Preface by the Translator ........................................5 作者简介 _Author’s Biography ..........................................9 译者简介 _Biography of the Translator.................................12 原书前言 _查尔斯·李 _.....................................................19 Preface by Charles T. Le 0．引言: 非标准实数单位区间 _.......................................24 Introduction: The Non-Standard Real Unit Interval 1．中智学——哲学的崭新分支 _.......................................27 Neutrosophy - a new branch of philosophy 2．中智逻辑——逻辑学的统一 _........................................90 Neutrosophic Logic - a unifying field in logics 3．中智集合论——集合论的统一 _....................................109 Neutrosophic Set - a unifying field in sets 4．中智概率论 _..........................................................113 ——传统概率论和非精确概率论的概括总结 _ ——以及中智统计学 _ Neutrosophic Probability - a generalization of classical and imprecise probabilities - and Neutrosophic Statistics 附录: 中智学产生的定义 _..............................................117 Addenda: Definitions derived from Neutrosophics...

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Technology Horizons is our vision for key Air Force science and technology investments over the next decade that will provide us with truly game-changing capabilities to meet our strategic and joint force responsibilities. The coming decades hold high promise for amazing new capabilities across the air, space, and cyber domains. Yet the Air Force and our nation will also be confronted with substantial strategic, technology, and budget challenges. Our greatest advances will come with a focused investment of resources in the most promising technologies. The vision in Technology Horizons provides the shared awareness of the challenges and opportunities that will enable us to achieve this focus....

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LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS . . . . . vii FOREWORD BY THE SECRETARY OF THE AIR FORCE AND CHIEF OF STAFF OF THE AIR FORCE . . . . ix PREFACE BY THE CHIEF SCIENTIST OF THE AIR FORCE . . . . xi ACKNOWLEDGMENTS . . . . xv EXECUTIVE SUMMARY . . . . . xvii 1 INTRODUCTION . . . . 1 A Vision for Air Force Science and Technology 2010–30 . . . . 1 Lessons Learned from Prior Air Force Science and Technology Visions . . . . 5 Organization and Conduct of Technology Horizons . . . . . 8 Organization of Results from Technology Horizons . . . . . 14 Caveats . . . . 16 2 STRATEGIC CONTEXT FOR AIR FORCE S&T 2010–30 . . . . . 19 Relation to National Security Objectives . . . . . 21 Technology-Derived Challenges to Air Force Capabilities . . . . . 22 Strategic Implications of S&T Globalization . . . . 38 Federal Budget Implications for Air Force S&T Strategy . . . . . 41 3 ENDURING REALITIES FOR THE AIR FORCE 2010–30 . . . . . 43 Ensuring Interoperability with Legacy Systems . . . . 43 Sustainment Costs for Legacy Systems . . . . . 43 Importance of Low-Observable Systems . . . . 44 Energy Costs and Availability . . . . . 44 Growing Role ...

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Per caso, a Rio de Janeiro, si ritrovano le tracce di uno degli oggetti più ricercati della storia. E' fatto di metallo e ha la forma di una testa, può dare indicazioni sul futuro generando un esagramma, che deve poi essere interpretato con l'aritmetica binaria. Ha iniziato il suo viaggio circa duemila anni fa in Tibet, facendo tappa in Palestina. Arrivato nel Nuovo Mondo è stato preso in consegna dagli uomini-pipistrello, una Specie di Indios che comunica con ultrasuoni e vede nel buio. E' stato chiamato in passato il Baphomet dei Templari. Un etnologo fai-da-te, aiutato da una funzionaria del Jardim Botanico di Rio, un latinista d'esportazione, un narco-trafficante internazionale e una ambiziosa Mae de Santo, leader della Macumba, si trovano coinvolti nello strano affare nella città carioca. L'etnologo è alla ricerca di uno scoop sul VoooDoo mentre il latinista viene semplicemente chiamato in causa senza averlo desiderato; il narco-trafficante cerca unicamente di incrementare il suo business e invece la Mae de Santo è alla ricerca del Potere Esoterico. A loro insaputa sono tutti sulle tracce di qualcosa di importante, che interess...

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La Cidade Maravillhosa - Jardim Botanico - Zangbeto - Traficantes - Rocinha - Tijuca - Algebra Esoterica - The Secret Power - L'Oracolo - Ultimo capitolo - Qumran - Baia di Guanabara - The Fetish - Palma Mater...

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Per caso, a Rio de Janeiro, si ritrovano le tracce di uno degli oggetti più ricercati della storia. E' fatto di metallo e ha la forma di una testa, può dare indicazioni sul futuro generando un esagramma, che deve poi essere interpretato con l'aritmetica binaria. Ha iniziato il suo viaggio circa duemila anni fa in Tibet, facendo tappa in Palestina. Arrivato nel Nuovo Mondo è stato preso in consegna dagli uomini-pipistrello, una Specie di Indios che comunica con ultrasuoni e vede nel buio. E' stato chiamato in passato il Baphomet dei Templari. Un etnologo fai-da-te, aiutato da una funzionaria del Jardim Botanico di Rio, un latinista d'esportazione, un narco-trafficante internazionale e una ambiziosa Mae de Santo, leader della Macumba, si trovano coinvolti nello strano affare nella città carioca. L'etnologo è alla ricerca di uno scoop sul VoooDoo mentre il latinista viene semplicemente chiamato in causa senza averlo desiderato; il narco-trafficante cerca unicamente di incrementare il suo business e invece la Mae de Santo è alla ricerca del Potere Esoterico. A loro insaputa sono tutti sulle tracce di qualcosa di importante, c...

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Hacking - Così è perfetto. - Dumbo pensava che uno script, per essere veramente efficace, doveva avere anche una sua bellezza intrinseca. Dopo aver digitato l'ultimo byte lo aveva girato e rigirato come un guanto, disponendo le istruzioni nel modo migliore per l'esecuzione del compito loro affidato. - Quello script ha una sua bellezza intrinseca – commentò Isis che lo osservava lavorare da dietro le spalle. - Grazie – rispose Dumbo provando una genuina simpatia per Isis e decidendo di condividere con lei il piacere che quel lavoro gli dava. - E oltretutto sarà anche piuttosto efficace. Questo Spider percorrerà in lungo e in largo il cyberspazio alla ricerca dei siti nel cui contenuto profondo si nascondono le keywords che mi avete dato, ma non solo, creerà per voi una mappa geografica con l'ubicazione dei siti e l'elenco di tutti i documenti che contengono una o più parole chiave. E se lo volete farà il download dei documenti interessanti e li salverà proprio su questo computer, a vostra completa disposizione. - Dumbo sorrideva radioso a Isis e cominciava a notare, ora che la concentrazione per il la...

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- La Cidade Maravillhosa - Jardim Botanico - Zangbeto - Traficantes - Rocinha - Tijuca - Algebra Esoterica - The Secret Power - L'Oracolo - Ultimo capitolo - Qumran - Baia di Guanabara - The Fetish - Palma Mater ...