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Ethanol (data page)

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Ethanol (data page)

Ethanol (data page)
Full structural formula of ethanol Skeletal formula of ethanol
Ball-and-stick model of ethanol Space-filling model of ethanol
Systematic name

Ethanol[1]

Other names

  • Absolute alcohol
  • Alcohol
  • Drinking alcohol
  • Ethyl alcohol
  • Ethyl hydrate
  • Ethyl hydroxide
  • Ethylic alcohol
  • Ethylol
  • Grain alcohol
  • Hydroxyethane
  • Methylcarbinol
Identifiers
CAS number  YesY
PubChem
ChemSpider  YesY
UNII  YesY
EC number
UN number 1170
DrugBank
KEGG  YesY
MeSH
ChEBI  YesY
ChEMBL  YesY
RTECS number KQ6300000
ATC code D01,D08, V03, V03
Beilstein Reference 1718733
Gmelin Reference 787
3DMet
Jmol-3D images Image 1
Properties
Molecular formula C2H6O
Molar mass 46.07 g mol−1
Appearance Colorless liquid
Density 0.789 g/cm3 (at 20 °C)
Melting point −114 °C (−173 °F; 159 K)
Boiling point 78.37 °C (173.07 °F; 351.52 K)
log P -0.18
Vapor pressure 5.95 kPa (at 20 °C)
Acidity (pKa) 15.9[2]
Basicity (pKb) -1.9
Refractive index (nD) 1.361
Viscosity 0.0012 Pa s (at 20 °C), 0.001074 Pa s (at 25 °C)[3]
Dipole moment 1.69 D[4]
Pharmacology
Routes of
administration 		Intramuscular

Intravenous
Oral
Topical

Metabolism Hepatic
Hazards
EU Index 603-002-00-5
EU classification Highly Flammable F
R-phrases R11
S-phrases (S2), S7, S16
NFPA 704
3
2
0
Flash point 13 to 14 °C (55 to 57 °F; 286 to 287 K)
Autoignition temperature 363 °C (685 °F; 636 K)[5]
LD50 5628 mg kg−1 (oral, rat)
Except where noted otherwise, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C (77 °F), 100 kPa)
 YesY   YesY/N?)

This page provides supplementary chemical data on ethanol. Except where noted otherwise, data relate to standard ambient temperature and pressure.

Contents

  • Material Safety Data Sheet 1
  • Structure and properties 2
  • Thermodynamic properties 3
  • Spectral data 4
  • Vapor pressure of liquid 5
  • Density of ethanol at various temperatures (kg/l or g/cm3) 6
  • Properties of aqueous ethanol solutions 7
  • Boiling points of aqueous solutions 8
  • References 9

Material Safety Data Sheet

External MSDS

Structure and properties

Structure and properties
Index of refraction, n25 1.361
Dielectric constant, εr 24.3 ε0 at 25 °C
Bond strength ?
Bond length ?
Bond angle ?
Magnetic susceptibility[6] 5.8·10−7 (cgs units, volume)
Surface tension 22.39 dyn/cm at 25 °C
Viscosity[7]
6.285 mPa·s at –50 °C
4.656 mPa·s at –40 °C
3.530 mPa·s at –30 °C
2.731 mPa·s at –20 °C
2.419 mPa·s at –15 °C
2.151 mPa·s at –10 °C
1.920 mPa·s at –5 °C
1.720 mPa·s at 0 °C
1.546 mPa·s at 5 °C
1.394 mPa·s at 10 °C
1.261 mPa·s at 15 °C
1.144 mPa·s at 20 °C
1.040 mPa·s at 25 °C
0.948 mPa·s at 30 °C
0.794 mPa·s at 40 °C
0.670 mPa·s at 50 °C
0.570 mPa·s at 60 °C
0.487 mPa·s at 70 °C
0.452 mPa·s at 75 °C

Thermodynamic properties

Phase behavior
Triple point 150 K (−123 °C), 0.00043 Pa
Critical point 514 K (241 °C), 63 bar
Std enthalpy change
of fusion, ΔfusHo 		+4.9 kJ/mol
Std entropy change
of fusion, ΔfusSo 		+31 J/(mol·K)
Std enthalpy change
of vaporization, ΔvapHo 		+38.56 kJ/mol
Std entropy change
of vaporization, ΔvapSo 		109.67 J/(mol·K)
Molal freezing point constant –1.99 °C kg/mol
Solid properties
Std enthalpy change
of formation, ΔfHosolid 		–277.7 kJ/mol
Standard molar entropy,
Sosolid 		160.7 J/(mol K)[8]
Heat capacity, cp 111.46 J/(mol K) [8]
Liquid properties
Std enthalpy change
of formation, ΔfHoliquid 		−277.38 kJ/mol
Standard molar entropy,
Soliquid 		159.9 J/(mol K)
Enthalpy of combustion, ΔcHo –1370.7 kJ/mol
Heat capacity, cp 112.4 J/(mol K)
Gas properties
Std enthalpy change
of formation, ΔfHogas 		−235.3 kJ/mol
Standard molar entropy,
Sogas 		283 J/(mol K)
Heat capacity,[9][10] cp 78.28 J/(mol K) at 90 °C
87.53 J/(mol K) at 110-220 °C
Heat capacity ratio,[9][10]
γ = cp/cv 		1.13 at 90 °C
van der Waals' constants[11] a = 1217.9 L2 kPa/mol2
b = 0.08407 liter per mole

Spectral data

UV-Vis
λmax ? nm
Extinction coefficient, ε ?
IR
Major absorption bands[12]
(liquid film)
Wave number transmittance
880 cm−1 22%
1048 cm−1 6%
1089 cm−1 19%
1275 cm−1 52%
1329 cm−1 44%
1384 cm−1 32%
1418 cm−1 33%
1650 cm−1 26%
1926 cm−1 62%
2899 cm−1 12%
2930 cm−1 13%
2977 cm−1 4%
NMR
Proton NMR  
Carbon-13 NMR http://riodb01.ibase.aist.go.jp/sdbs/cgi-bin/IMG.cgi?fname=CDS00245&imgdir=cdsW;
Other NMR data  
MS
Masses of
main fragments 		 

Vapor pressure of liquid

P in mm Hg 1 10 40 100 400 760 1520 3800 7600 15200 30400 45600
P in Pa 133.3 1333 5333 13332 53329 101325 202650 506625 1013250 2026500 4053000 6079501
T in °C –31.3 –2.3 19.0 34.9 63.5 78.4 97.5 126.0 151.8 183.0 218.0 242.0
T in K 241.85 270.85 292.15 308.05 336.65 351.55 370.65 399.15 424.95 456.15 491.15 515.15
Ethanol vapor pressure vs. temperature. Uses formula: \scriptstyle P_{mmHg} = 10^{8.04494 - \frac {1554.3} {222.65+T}} from Lange's Handbook of Chemistry 10th ed.
Log10 of ethanol vapor pressure vs. temperature. Uses formula: \scriptstyle \log_{10} {P_{mmHg}} = 8.04494 - \frac {1554.3} {222.65+T}

Density of ethanol at various temperatures (kg/l or g/cm3)

Data obtained from Lange's Handbook of Chemistry, 10th ed.

3 °C 0.80374 16 °C 0.79283 29 °C 0.78182
4 °C 0.80290 17 °C 0.79198 30 °C 0.78097
5 °C 0.80207 18 °C 0.79114 31 °C 0.78012
6 °C 0.80123 19 °C 0.79029 32 °C 0.77927
7 °C 0.80039 20 °C 0.78945 33 °C 0.77841
8 °C 0.79956 21 °C 0.78860 34 °C 0.77756
9 °C 0.79872 22 °C 0.78775 35 °C 0.77671
10 °C 0.79788 23 °C 0.78691 36 °C 0.77585
11 °C 0.79704 24 °C 0.78606 37 °C 0.77500
12 °C 0.79620 25 °C 0.78522 38 °C 0.77414
39 °C 0.77329 40 °C 0.77244

These data correlate as Density (g/cm3) = -8.461834E-4 T( °C) + 0.8063372 with an R2 coefficient of determination of 0.99999.

Properties of aqueous ethanol solutions

Data obtained from Lange's Handbook of Chemistry, 10th ed. The annotation, d a °C/b °C, indicates density of solution at temperature a divided by density of pure water at temperature b.

% wt
ethanol 		% vol
ethanol 		grams
ethanol
per 100 cc
15.56 °C 		d 10 °C/4 °C d 20 °C/4 °C d 25 °C/4 °C d 30 °C/4 °C d 20 °C/20 °C d 25 °C/25 °C freezing
temp.
0.0 0.0 0.0 0.99973 0.99823 0.99708 0.99568 1.00000 1.00000 0 °C
1.0 0.99785 0.99636 0.99520 0.99379 0.99813 0.99811
2.0 0.99602 0.99453 0.99336 0.99194 0.99629 0.99627
2.5 3.13 0.99363 –1 °C
3.0 0.99426 0.99275 0.99157 0.99014 0.99451 0.99447
4.0 5.00 3.97 0.99258 0.99103 0.98984 0.98839 0.99279 0.99274
4.8 6.00 4.76 0.98971 –2 °C
5.0 0.99098 0.98938 0.98817 0.98670 0.99113 0.99106
5.05 6.30 5.00 0.98930
6.0 0.98946 0.98780 0.98656 0.98507 0.98955 0.98945
6.8 8.47 0.98658 –3 °C
7.0 0.98801 0.98627 0.98500 0.98347 0.98802 0.98788
8.0 0.98660 0.98478 0.98346 0.98189 0.98653 0.98634
9.0 0.98524 0.98331 0.98193 0.98031 0.98505 0.98481
10.0 12.40 9.84 0.98393 0.98187 0.98043 0.97575 0.98361 0.98330
11.0 0.98267 0.98047 0.97897 0.97723 0.98221 0.98184
11.3 14.0 11.11 0.98006 –5 °C
12.0 0.98145 0.97910 0.97753 0.97573 0.98084 0.98039
13.0 0.98026 0.97775 0.97611 0.97424 0.97948 0.97897
13.78 17.00 13.49 –6.1 °C
14.0 0.97911 0.97643 0.97472 0.97278 0.97816 0.97757
15.0 0.97800 0.97514 0.97334 0.97133 0.97687 0.97619
15.02 18.50 14.68 0.97511
16.0 0.97692 0.97387 0.97199 0.96990 0.97560 0.97484
16.4 20.2 0.97336 –7.5 °C
17.0 0.97583 0.97259 0.97062 0.96844 0.97431 0.97346
17.5 21.5 0.97194 –8.7 °C
18.0 22.10 17.54 0.97473 0.97129 0.96923 0.96697 0.97301 0.97207
18.8 23.1 0.97024 –9.4 °C
19.0 0.97363 0.96997 0.96782 0.96547 0.97169 0.97065
20.0 0.97252 0.96864 0.96639 0.96395 0.97036 0.96922
20.01 24.50 19.44 0.96863
20.3 24.8 0.96823 –10.6 °C
21.0 0.97139 0.96729 0.96495 0.96242 0.96901 0.96778
22.0 0.97024 0.96592 0.96348 0.96087 0.96763 0.96630
22.11 27.00 21.43 0.96578 –12.2 °C
23.0 0.96907 0.96453 0.96199 0.95929 0.96624 0.96481
24.0 0.96787 0.96312 0.96048 0.95769 0.96483 0.96329
24.2 29.5 0.96283 –14.0 °C
25.0 30.40 24.12 0.96665 0.96168 0.95895 0.95607 0.96339 0.96176
26.0 0.96539 0.96020 0.95738 0.95422 0.96190 0.96018
26.7 32.4 0.95914 –16.0 °C
27.0 0.96406 0.95867 0.95576 0.95272 0.96037 0.95856
28.0 33.90 26.90 0.96268 0.95710 0.95410 0.95098 0.95880 0.95689
29.0 0.96125 0.95548 0.95241 0.94922 0.95717 0.95520
29.9 36.1 0.95400 –18.9 °C
30.0 36.20 28.73 0.95977 0.95382 0.95067 0.94741 0.95551 0.95345
31.0 0.95823 0.95212 0.94890 0.94557 0.95381 0.95168
32.0 0.95665 0.95038 0.94709 0.94370 0.95207 0.94986
33.0 0.95502 0.94860 0.94525 0.94180 0.95028 0.94802
33.8 40.5 0.94715 –23.6 °C
34.0 0.95334 0.94679 0.94337 0.93986 0.94847 0.94613
35.0 0.95162 0.94494 0.94146 0.93790 0.94662 0.94422
35.04 41.90 33.25 0.94486
36.0 0.94986 0.94306 0.93952 0.93591 0.94473 0.94227
37.0 0.94805 0.94114 0.93756 0.93390 0.94281 0.94031
38.0 0.94620 0.93919 0.93556 0.93186 0.94086 0.93830
39.0 46.3 0.94431 0.93720 0.93353 0.92979 0.93886 0.93626 –28.7 °C
40.0 0.94238 0.93518 0.93148 0.92770 0.93684 0.93421
40.04 47.40 37.61 0.93510
41.0 0.94042 0.93314 0.92940 0.92558 0.93479 0.93212
42.0 0.93842 0.93107 0.92729 0.92344 0.93272 0.93001
43.0 0.93639 0.92897 0.92516 0.92128 0.93062 0.92787
44.0 0.93433 0.92685 0.92301 0.91910 0.92849 0.92571
45.0 0.93226 0.92472 0.92085 0.91692 0.92636 0.92355
45.31 53.00 42.07 0.92406
46.0 0.93017 0.92257 0.91868 0.91472 0.92421 0.92137
46.3 53.8 0.92193 –33.9 °C
47.0 0.92806 0.92041 0.91649 0.91250 0.92204 0.91917
48.0 0.92593 0.91823 0.91429 0.91028 0.91986 0.91697
49.0 0.92379 0.91604 0.91208 0.90805 0.91766 0.91475
50.0 0.92162 0.91384 0.90985 0.90580 0.91546 0.91251
50.16 58.0 46.04 0.91349
51.0 0.91943 0.91160 0.90760 0.90353 0.91322 0.91026
52.0 0.91723 0.90936 0.90524 0.90125 0.91097 0.90799
53.0 0.91502 0.90711 0.90307 0.89896 0.90872 0.90571
54.0 0.91279 0.90485 0.90079 0.89667 0.90645 0.90343
55.0 0.91055 0.90258 0.89850 0.89437 0.90418 0.90113
55.16 63.0 50.00 0.90220
56.0 0.90831 0.90031 0.89621 0.89206 0.90191 0.89833
56.1 63.6 0.90008 –41.0 °C
57.0 0.90607 0.89803 0.89392 0.88975 0.89962 0.89654
58.0 0.90381 0.89574 0.89162 0.88744 0.89733 0.89423
59.0 0.90154 0.89344 0.88931 0.88512 0.89502 0.89191
60.0 0.89927 0.89113 0.88699 0.88278 0.89271 0.88959
60.33 68.0 53.98 0.89038
61.0 0.89898 0.88882 0.88466 0.88044 0.89040 0.88725
62.0 0.89468 0.88650 0.88233 0.87809 0.88807 0.88491
63.0 0.89237 0.88417 0.87998 0.87574 0.88574 0.88256
64.0 0.89006 0.88183 0.87763 0.87337 0.88339 0.88020
65.0 0.88774 0.87948 0.87527 0.87100 0.88104 0.87783
66.0 0.88541 0.87713 0.87291 0.86863 0.87869 0.87547
67.0 0.88308 0.87477 0.87054 0.86625 0.87632 0.87309
68.0 0.88071 0.87241 0.86817 0.86387 0.87396 0.87071
69.0 0.87839 0.87004 0.86579 0.86148 0.87158 0.86833
70.0 0.87602 0.86766 0.86340 0.85908 0.86920 0.86593
71.0 0.87365 0.86527 0.86100 0.85667 0.86680 0.86352
71.9 78.3 0.86311 –51.3 °C
72.0 0.87127 0.86287 0.85859 0.85426 0.86440 0.86110
73.0 0.86888 0.86047 0.85618 0.85184 0.86200 0.85869
74.0 0.86648 0.85806 0.85376 0.84941 0.85958 0.85626
75.0 0.86408 0.85564 0.85135 0.84698 0.85716 0.85383
76.0 0.86168 0.85322 0.84891 0.84455 0.85473 0.85140
77.0 0.85927 0.85079 0.84647 0.84211 0.85230 0.84895
78.0 0.85685 0.84835 0.84403 0.83966 0.84985 0.84650
79.0 0.85422 0.84590 0.84158 0.83720 0.84740 0.84404
80.0 0.85197 0.84344 0.83911 0.83473 0.84494 0.84157
81.0 0.84950 0.84096 0.83664 0.83224 0.84245 0.83909
82.0 0.84702 0.83848 0.83415 0.82974 0.83997 0.83659
83.0 0.84453 0.83599 0.83164 0.82724 0.83747 0.83408
84.0 0.84203 0.83348 0.82913 0.82473 0.83496 0.83156
85.0 0.83951 0.83095 0.82660 0.82220 0.83242 0.82902
86.0 0.83697 0.82840 0.82405 0.81965 0.82987 0.82646
87.0 0.83441 0.82554 0.82148 0.81708 0.82729 0.82389
88.0 0.83181 0.82323 0.81888 0.81448 0.82469 0.82128
89.0 0.82919 0.82062 0.81626 0.81186 0.82207 0.81865
90.0 0.82654 0.81797 0.81362 0.80922 0.81942 0.81600
91.00 94.00 74.62 0.82386 0.81529 0.81094 0.80655 0.81674 0.81331
92.0 0.82114 0.81257 0.80823 0.80384 0.81401 0.81060
93.0 0.81839 0.80983 0.80549 0.80111 0.81127 0.80785
94.0 0.81561 0.80705 0.80272 0.79835 0.80848 0.80507
95.0 0.81278 0.80424 0.79991 0.79555 0.80567 0.80225
96.0 0.80991 0.80138 0.79706 0.79271 0.80280 0.79939
97.0 0.80698 0.79846 0.79415 0.78981 0.79988 0.79648
98.0 0.80399 0.79547 0.79117 0.78684 0.79688 0.79349
99.0 0.80094 0.79243 0.78814 0.78382 0.79383 0.79045
100.0 100.0 79.39 0.79784 0.78934 0.78506 0.78075 0.79074 0.78736 −114.3 °C
% wt
ethanol 		% vol
ethanol 		grams
ethanol
per 100 cc
15.56 °C 		d 10 °C/4 °C d 20 °C/4 °C d 25 °C/4 °C d 30 °C/4 °C d 20 °C/20 °C d 25 °C/25 °C freezing
temp.

Boiling points of aqueous solutions

Data obtained from CRC Handbook of Chemistry 44th ed., p2391

BP °C Weight % ethanol     BP °C Weight % ethanol
liquid vapor liquid vapor
78.1 95.5‡ 95.5‡    
78.2 91 92 86.5 18 71
78.4 85 89 87.0 17 70
78.6 82 88 87.5 16 69
78.8 80 87 88.0 15 68
79.0 78 86 88.5 13 67
79.2 76 85 89.0 12 65
79.4 74 85 89.5 11 63
79.6 72 84 90.0 10 61
79.8 69 84 90.5 10 59
80.0 67 83 91.0 9 57
80.2 64 83 91.5 8 55
80.4 62 82 92.0 8 53
80.6 59 82 92.5 7 51
80.8 56 81 93.0 6 49
81.0 53 81 93.5 6 46
81.2 50 80 94.0 5 44
81.4 47 80 94.5 5 42
81.6 45 80 95.0 4 39
81.8 43 79 95.5 4 36
82.0 41 79 96.0 3 33
82.5 36 78 96.5 3 30
83.0 33 78 97.0 2 27
83.5 30 77 97.5 2 23
84.0 27 77 98.0 1 19
84.5 25 75 98.5 1 15
85.0 23 74 99.0 < 1 10
85.5 21 73 99.5 < 1 5
86.0 20 72 100.0 0 0

‡Azeotropic mixture

References

  1. ^ "Ethanol – Compound Summary". The PubChem Project. USA: National Center for Biotechnology Information. 
  2. ^ Ballinger, P.; Long, F. A. (1960). Journal of the American Chemical Society 82 (4): 795.  
  3. ^ Lide, David R., ed. (2012). CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics (92 ed.). Boca Raton, FL.: CRC Press/Taylor and Francis. pp. 6–232. 
  4. ^ Lide, David R., ed. (2008). CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics (89 ed.). Boca Raton: CRC Press. pp. 9–55. 
  5. ^ "Fuels and Chemicals – Autoignition Temperatures". engineeringtoolbox.com 
  6. ^ NMR-002: Sample Devices and Magnetic Susceptibility
  7. ^ "Pure Component Properties" (Queriable database). Chemical Engineering Research Information Center. Retrieved 12 May 2007. 
  8. ^ a b Atkins, Peter (2010). Atkins' Physical Chemistry. Oxford University Press. pp. 913–947. 
  9. ^ a b Lange's Handbook of Chemistry 10th ed, pp 1525-1528
  10. ^ a b CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics 44th ed. pp 2582-2584
  11. ^ Lange's Handbook of Chemistry 10th ed, pp 1522-1524
  12. ^ "Spectral Database for Organic Compounds" (Queriable database). Advanced Industrial Science and Technology. Retrieved 9 June 2007. 
  • Linstrom, P.J.; Mallard, W.G. (eds.) NIST Chemistry WebBook, NIST Standard Reference Database Number 69. National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg MD. http://webbook.nist.gov
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