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Baeza (Spanish pronunciation: ) is a town of approximately 16,200 inhabitants in Andalusia, southern Spain, in the province of Jaén, perched on a cliff in the "Loma de Úbeda", a mountain range between the great river Guadalquivir on the south and its tributary the Guadalimar on the north. It is chiefly known today as having many of the best-preserved examples of Italian Renaissance architecture in Spain. UNESCO added Baeza and Úbeda to the World Heritage Sites list in 2003.
The town has existed since Roman times, when it was called Beatia.
In the Middle Ages Baeza was a flourishing Moorish city, said to contain 50,000 inhabitants, but it fell to the forces of king Ferdinand III of Castile in 1227. The Jaén and Úbeda gates and the arch of Baeza are among the remains of its Moorish fortifications.
In the 16th century, Baeza and nearby Úbeda grew rich from the production of textiles and local nobles hired important architects, such as Andrés de Vandelvira, to design new palaces, churches and public squares in the fashionable Italian style. The economy collapsed in the 17th century, which had the fortunate side effect of preserving Baeza's Renaissance architectural legacy, because few newer structures were built.
Beatia became the seat of a bishop between 656 and 675, when the see of Castulo was transferred to Beatia, on territory previously belonging to the diocese of Tucci.
The diocese was suppressed in 900 and restored from 1127 until 1249, when the see was transferred for good to Jaén.
Recorded bishops are
No longer a residential bishopric, Beatia is today listed by the Catholic Church as a titular see.[1]
It has had the following incumbents:
Baeza's sights include:
Santa Maria cathedral façade, designed by Andrés de Vandelvira.
Row of Renaissance palaces.
Narrow Streets in Baeza
Olive oil museum in La Laguna
Baeza is 327 kilometres (203 miles) by highway south of Madrid. It has a RENFE rail station (Linares - Baeza) 15 kilometres (9 miles) southwest on the Linares-Almeria railway and bus transportation from Granada, Málaga and Madrid.
The nearest international airports are in Granada, 132 kilometres (82 miles) south and Málaga, 241 kilometres (150 miles) to the southwest.
Baeza was the birthplace of the sculptor and painter Gaspar Becerra. Also, two of the most important mystics and writers of the sixteenth century resided in Baeza, Saint John of Ávila and Saint John of the Cross. The modernist poet Antonio Machado worked as a teacher in Baeza from 1912 until 1919, and it is believed that his most notable prose work, Juan de Mairena, was inspired by his experience there.
Baeza is twinned with:
Spain, Provinces of Spain, Andalusia, Autonomous communities of Spain, Úbeda
Spain, Rock art of the Iberian Mediterranean Basin, Alhambra, Granada, Al-Andalus