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In geology, ripple marks are sedimentary structures (i.e. bedforms of the lower flow regime) and indicate agitation by water (current or waves) or wind.
Straight ripples generate cross-laminae that all dip in the same direction, and lay in the same plane. These forms of ripples are constructed by unidirectional flow of the current.
Sinuous ripples generate cross-laminae that are curvy. They show a pattern of curving up and down as shown in picture. Sinuous ripples produce trough cross lamination. All laminae formed under this type of ripple dip at an angle to the flow as well as downstream. These are also formed by unidirectional flow of current.
Catenary ripples generate cross-laminae that are curvy but have a unidirectional swoop. They show a pattern similar to what a repeated "W" would look like. Like the sinuous ripples, this form of ripple is created by unidirectional flow with the dip at an angle to the flow as well as downstream.
Linguoid ripples have lee slope surfaces that are curved generating a laminae similar to caternary and sinuous ripples. Linguoid ripples generate an angle to the flow as well as downstream. Linguoid ripples have a random shape rather than a "W" shape, as described in the catenary description. Lunate ripples, meaning crescent shaped ripples, are exactly like linguoid ripples except that the stoss sides are curved rather than the lee slope. All other features are the same.
Salt Lake City, Wyoming, Provo, Utah, Ogden, Utah, Arizona
Ice, Oxygen, Hydrogen, Energy, Drinking water
Jurassic, Paleogene, Neogene, Cenozoic, Devonian
Earth, Earth science, Paleontology, Plate tectonics, Mineralogy
Jurassic, Permian, Utah, Ohio, Ripple marks
Mars, Andes, Holocene, Argentina, Catamarca Province
Geomorphology, Sediment transport, Water, Dune, Earth science
Cheshire, Triassic, Permian, Stratigraphy, United Kingdom
Sandstone, Utah, Coal, Erosion, Water