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Excerpt: Etymology (SUPPLIED BY A LATE CONSUMPTIVE USHER TO A GRAMMAR SCHOOL.); The pale Usher --threadbare in coat, heart, body, and brain; I see him now. He was ever dusting his old lexicons and grammars, with a queer handkerchief, mockingly embellished with all the gay flags of all the known nations of the world. He loved to dust his old grammars; it somehow mildly reminded him of his mortality....

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Table of Contents: Etymology, 1 -- Extracts, 3 -- 1 Loomings, 15 -- 2 The Carpet-Bag, 20 -- 3 The Spouter-Inn, 24 -- 4 The Counterpane, 36 -- 5 Breakfast, 40 -- 6 The Street, 42 -- 7 The Chapel, 45 -- 8 The Pulpit, 48 -- 9 The Sermon, 51 -- 10 A Bosom Friend, 59 -- 11 Nightgown, 63 -- 12 Biographical, 65 -- 13 Wheelbarrow, 68 -- 14 Nantucket, 72 -- 15 Chowder, 74 -- 16 The Ship, 77 -- 17 The Ramadan, 89 -- 18 His Mark, 94 -- 19 The Prophet, 98 -- 20 All Astir, 101 -- 21 Going Aboard, 104 -- 22 Merry Christmas, 107 -- 23 The Lee Shore, 111 -- 24 The Advocate, 113 -- 25 Postscript, 117 -- 26 Knights and Squires, 118...

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Pygmalion (1913) is a play by George Bernard Shaw based on the Greek myth of the same name. It tells the story of Henry Higgins, a professor of phonetics (based on phonetician Henry Sweet), who makes a bet with his friend Colonel Pickering that he can successfully pass off a Cockney flower girl, Eliza Doolittle, as a refined society lady by teaching her how to speak with an upper class accent and training her in etiquette. In the process, Higgins and Doolittle grow close, but she ultimately rejects his domineering ways and declares she will marry Freddy Eynsford-Hill – a young, poor, gentleman. - The play was later the basis for the successful movie adaptation My Fair Lady with Audrey Hepburn as Eliza and Rex Harrison as Prof. Higgins. ( Gesine)...

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Romance, Play, Languages, Comedy

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"IELTS Speaking Topics" provides both educators and students with a collection of photocopiable speaking two topics. Each question is designed to be used to supplement current materials related to the IELTS academic and general modules of the test. Educators can provide their students with up-to date, and authentic examples of speaking two questions, whilst their students could use each example for stimulated practice outside their classroom. All the questions are indexed under a topic heading, photocopiable and covers a wide range of subjects needed to master this most challenging part of the IELTS speaking test. "IELTS Speaking Topics," is suitable for both instructors and students as an ideal supplementary resource, with a free bonus ebook containing each question. Published by the Asian European University Press, and is available internationally....

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This book presents the advancements and applications of neutrosophics. Chapter 1 rst introduces the interval neutrosophic sets which is an instance of neutrosophic sets. In this chapter, the denition of interval neutrosophic sets and set-theoretic operators are given and various properties of interval neutrosophic set are proved. Chapter 2 denes the interval neutrosophic logic based on interval neutrosophic sets including the syntax and semantics of rst order interval neutrosophic propositional logic and rst order interval neutrosophic predicate logic. The interval neutrosophic logic can reason and model fuzzy, incomplete and inconsistent information. In this chapter, we also design an interval neutrosophic inference system based on rst order interval neutrosophic predicate logic. The interval neutrosophic inference system can be applied to decision making. Chapter 3 gives one application of interval neutrosophic sets and logic in the eld of relational databases. Neutrosophic data model is the generalization of fuzzy data model and paraconsistent data model. Here, we generalize various set-theoretic and relation-theoretic operations...

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Enhavo Enkonduko 1 Baal kaj Anat 7 La batalo kontrau la Maro 7 La batalo de Anat. 10 La konstruado de domo 17 La morto kaj revivigo de Baal 26 (Ekstraj tekstoj) 33 (Kelkaj aludoj en la Biblio) 35 Krt 39 Krt akiras edzinon 39 La malsanigo de Krt 46 La resanigo de Krt 50 Aqht 55...

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The Florentin's Cliché should be constructed as follows: - Change the figurative language [figure of speech] of a cliché to a literal language; - Or distort the clichés, make them abnormal, deviate their common sense by simple substitutions of words; - Or eliminate some words from a cliché, or switch the verbs between assertion and negation, in order to give the cliché a surprising new significance: - Or consider a chain of (more or less) contradictory clichés and put together with a unitary semantics; - Or juxtapose a cliché with a … (partial or total) contradictory syntagma! And as a whole the Florentin’s Cliché should be bended with humor. ...

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51. To be in the right place at the left time! 52. The German language you learn it’s Greek to me 53. This dirty and shaded homeless saved me like a knight in shinning armor 54. In cold blood but hot under the collar he throws cold water on her to getting hot 55. Do not step on his toes, but on his shoes. 56. I don’t like you. Nice to see you! 57. The director jumped to conclusion from the third floor through the window… ...

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Preface: Changing the Figurative Language to a Literal Language: 4 Florentin’s Clichés: 12

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Perhaps the Sandwich Island’s Mission owes an apology to the literary world for having reduced to writing a language of such variety and extent as the Hawaiian, and published so many books on it, without having given any account either of the genius, structure or peculiarities of the language. Many reasons, however, exist why so little has been done in this respect. The want of leisure in any member of the Mission for setting down to labors purely literary, is one reason. The want of proper materials heretofore, for authority, is another. But the reason that has had the greatest influence is, the (act that those who came first on the ground and acquired the language by the ear and by mixing with the natives, soon became independent of helps and needed neither a vocabulary or a grammar of the language: and those who came later, and most needed such helps, felt that they were not well qualified for the task of making them. But however the majority of the Mission may feel with regard to an apology in their behalf, the compiler of the following Vocabulary feels that an explanation is due from him respecting the manner in which the work...

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This Book has been accomplished to Unite Humanity on the basis of Commonality in Belief and Reality that there is only One True God - ALLAH , the Message of Whom was conveyed by Moses in Old Testament, Jesus in New Testament and Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon them) in Quran. The history provides us the evidence that the Messengers of ALLAH have been sent to every Nation. Although, their languages were different in which Messages were conveyed but the Name of One True God - ALLAH, found to be the same and intact, inspite of various linguistic mutations. In our Blessed Research we found, “99 Beautiful Names of ALLAH” Co-existing in Quran, Hadith and Bible. We earnestly, hope that our readers would be all over the globe who would love to gain this Blessed Insight and Embrace the Truth....

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Eleven linguistic categories are presented (Murphy’s laws, the clichés, homonyms, tautologies, proverbs, metagrams, translations, definitions, figures of paradoxism, monorhymes, and abbreviations), which afterwards are respectively turned into their corresponding Florentin’s Laws, clichés, homonyms, etc. and exemplified....

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Let’s Make Experiments in Linguistics (General preface) - 6 1. FLORENTIN’S LAWS If anything can go wrong, pass it on to someone else! - 8 1.1. ADVENTURES and VARIATIONs IN MURPHY’s LAW (Preface) - 9 1.2. What and Why Florentin’s law - 11 1.3. Florentin’s Laws / !An Author to the Cube! - 13 1.3.1. Florentin’s Laws: To hell with Murphy, deviate! - 14 1.3.2. Florentin’s Laws: Relax Peter’s! - 16 1.3.3. Florentin’s Interdisciplinary Laws - 18 1.3.4. More Variations in Florentin’s Law - 20 2. FLORENTIN’S CLICHÉS The dictator lifts the state of emergency with a crane - 22 2.1. Changing the Figurative Language to a Literal Language (Preface) - 23 2.2. Florentin’s Clichés - 28 3. FLORENTIN’S HOMONYMS Send me an e-male - 36 3.1. Preface: Send me an e-male = Florentin’s Homonyms = - 37 3.2. Florentin’s Homonyms - 39 3.2.1. First face of the story (Homophones) - 40 3.2.2. Second face of the story (Homophones) - 42 3.2.3. Multiple faces of the story (Homophones) - 44 3.2.4. Others (Homographs) – 45 4. FLORENTIN’S TAUTOLOGIES - 46 4.1. About Florentin’s Tautologies - 47 5. FLORENTIN’S PROVERBS - 48 5.1. Introduction: Dev...

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This book is about a young child and his life living in Kaneohe, Oahu.

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Kaneohe! Kaneohe! My home where I live. My aina where I live. My family. My ohana. My ohana dear. My mom and my dad. My kupuna, too.

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The "Notes on Hawaiian Grammar" included in the first three editions of the Hawaiian-English Dictionary have in this volume been revised and expanded. The original notes were written during the early 1950s, and since that time the number of students of Polynesian languages has increased considerably, with resulting increase in knowledge of these languages. This new Grammar, therefore, presents an approach rather different from the previous one; however, it is not couched in the most recent linguistic terminology, partly because the authors belong to a different generation, and partly because it is hoped that this volume will be of value to all students and teachers of the Hawaiian language, whether or not they are trained in contemporary linguistics. The approach is data-oriented and structural, and most attention is devoted to the sound system and to the structure of words and phrases, with less concentration on complex sentences. Nevertheless, an attempt is made to cover the major features of the language; the result is probably the most comprehensive treatment ever made of Hawaiian grammar. The analysis is based on the Hawa...

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The English translations of illustrative sentences may in some instances seem awkward, but close translations are helpful to students. Not every possible translation of an illustrative sentence is given. For example, ia, meaning both 'he' and 'she', is usually translated 'he' to avoid the awkward 'he/she' and 'him/her'. Since Hawaiian is mainly tenseless and English is decidedly not, translations perforce included tense, but the alternative tenses are not given for every Hawaiian perfective aspect. Reading of the Grammar will be aided if the Hawaiian Dictionary is at hand, but intelligibility does not depend on access to that volume. However, the Grammar is by no means a substitute for the Dictionary. Meanings in the examples in the Grammar are in some instances ad hoc glosses; usually many more meanings and examples are given in the Dictionary. Early Hawaiian grammars by Adelbert von Chamisso and W. D. Alexander, student papers, and the writings of Bruce Biggs, Patrick Hohepa, and Andrew Pawley concerning other Polynesian languages have been helpful in the years of preparation of this volume. Emily A. Hawkins' doctoral d...

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In 1836 "A Vocabulary of Words in the Hawaiian Language" was published by Lorrin Andrews. The evident usefulness of this list of about 6000 words led its author to prepare "A Dictionary of the Hawaiian Language" which was issued in 1865.Andrews' dictionary had long been out of print and increasing interest in Polynesian linguistic studies, the need of an authoritative reference book for the spelling, pronunciation, and definition of Hawaiian words, led to arrangements for the preparation of a new Hawaiian dictionary under the direction of the Board of Commissioners of Public Archives. A legislative act of 1913 made provision for "compiling, printing, binding, and publishing in book form a dictionary of the Hawaiian language" in which was to be given "the correct pronunciation of the ancient and modern Hawaiian words and phrases and their respective equivalents or meanings in the English language." As a necessary step in the preparation of a dictionary the Board of Archives transcribed all the words appearing in Andrews' Dictionary. These totaled about 15,000 typewritten cards. Following this preliminary work consideration was give...

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This volume is a result of two decades' efforts in teaching Hawaiian. The objects of the book are to present the principal conversational and grammatical patterns and the most common idioms, and to prepare the student for a final reward: the capacity to read and enjoy the rich heritage of Hawaiian traditional legends and poetry. Over the years, the reasons cited for studying Hawaiian have been diverse. Some students are merely curious or hopeful for easy credit; some have an emotional dedication to Hawaii's past. Some have practical aims. They want to teach the language or culture of Hawaii. Some want to become translators of the vast storehouse of as-yet-untranslated materials. Some wish to prepare literary materials for primary or secondary education levels, or to write novels. Some want to do anthropological fieldwork or any other work that will take them to the South Seas where mastery of closely related languages is so essential. Students majoring in linguistics want to probe deeper into the structure of the Hawaiian language. Some students wish to speak Hawaiian to grandparents and other native speakers still found on Niihau ...

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The Hawaiian phonemes are listed below. English examples are approximate. The Hawaiian vowels are "pure," i.e., without glides. They are of either short or long duration. The consonants p and k have less aspiration (i.e., they are "harder") than similar English sounds in initial position. (Pairs distinguished by single phonemes follow descriptions in parentheses.) Long a (a) is longer than the other long vowels....

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This book has five chapters. Chapter one is introductory in nature. Fuzzy linguistic spaces are introduced in chapter two. Fuzzy linguistic vector spaces are introduced in chapter three. Chapter four introduces fuzzy linguistic models. The final chapter suggests over 100 problems and some of them are at research level....

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Preface 5 Chapter One Introduction 7 Chapter Two Fuzzy Linguistic Spaces 9 Chapter Three Fuzzy Linguistic Set Vector Spaces 23 Chapter Four Fuzzy Linguistic Models 129 4.1 Operations on Fuzzy Linguistics Matrices 129 4.2 Fuzzy Linguistic Cognitive Models 139 4.3 Fuzzy Linguistic Relational Map Model 148 Chapter Five Suggested Problems 165 Further Reading 187 Index 189 About the Authors 192...

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volunteers bring you 15 recordings of The Legend of Heinz von Stein by Charles Godfrey Leland. This was the Weekly Poetry project for November 11, 2012. Charles Godfrey Leland was an American humorist who traveled extensively throughout Europe and the US. Leland worked in journalism, and became interested in folklore and folk linguistics, publishing books and articles on American and European languages and folk traditions. He worked in a wide variety of trades, achieved recognition as the author of the comic Hans Breitmann’s Ballads, fought in two conflicts, and wrote what was to become a primary source text for Neopaganism half a century later, Aradia, or the Gospel of the Witches. ( Summary from Wikipedia )...

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Adventure, Humor, Romance, Poetry

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A possibly fictionalised account by the comic novelist Jerome K. Jerome of a trip to Germany that he undertook with a friend in order to see the famous Passion Play at Oberammergau. The journey takes in London, Dover, Ostend, Cologne, Munich, Oberau, Oberammergau and then back to London via Heidelberg. As one might expect from the author of 'Three Men in a Boat', much goes wrong along the way, including seasickness, strange food, stranger beds, misleading guidebooks, bewildering train timetables, and numerous cultural and linguistic misunderstandings. (Summary by Szindbad)...

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Humor, Travel

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This collection is part of an initiative to create a language learning resource at . The Language Learning Collections contain readings from various language learning books, grammars, primers, phrasebooks, dictionaries, readers and even other works which contain information on various languages, recount experiences of language learning and encountering new languages or provide guides for correct pronunciation, writing or discourse in a language. These works could describe English or any other language whatsoever, from Latin to Sumerian, Chinese to Wampanoag, Esperanto to Swahili (etc.). This Volume includes a treatise by Sir Arthur Cotton, author of an Arabic Primer. His daughter, Lady Hope, on page 523 of her biography of her father, writes that he had very strong theories on the subject of learning “Living Languages,” his opinion being that, as every child who comes into the world learns its mother tongue orally, and at first without grammar… so the learning of all modern languages would be very much facilitated by a similar process. Also included are the orientalist E.G. Browne's opinions on language learning (taken from the intr...

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Instruction, Languages

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Astrological aspects (conjunctions, oppositions, trines, squares, sextiles) between dates of two historical events explain their similar or opposite character. This is illustrated by the example of the Munich Conference (1938) and the birth dates of its participants. Historical repetitions connected with the 60 years period of the Chinese horoscope are considered (Russia annexed Crimea in 2014, 60 years after the peninsula was given to Ukraine by order of Khrushchev). The half-period of 30 years is connected with couples of events combining analogy with contrast (e.g. the Sepoy uprising of 1857 and India's independence of 1947=1857+90). The chronology of the conflicts in the spheres of direct geopolitical influence of Germany, Serbia, Iraq, China and Russia is examined as a continuation of the comparative study of these spheres performed in V. P. Kostov, "The Rules of History". Other regions are also compared historically and geographically - South Europe, Georgia, South America, Spain and Mexico. Repetition of historical events or their analogy is often accompanied by high correlations between names of participants or places of bat...

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Definition. Suppose that two words contain respectively m and n letters, where n is greater than or equal to m. Suppose that they have exactly p letters in common counted with the possible repetitions. Then the correlation between the two words is equal to p/m. For instance, the correlation between the words « Italy » and « Sicily » is 3/5 (one has m=5, n=6 and p=3). The one between the words « Aix » and « Paris » is 2/3 (m=3, n=5, p=2). In any case the correlation remains a purely formally defined quantity. When the resemblance between two words is discussed one takes into account also the fact whether the first letters (eventually the first vowels) are the same and/or whether the letters in common are in the same order. Then comes the delicate question about spelling and pronunciation. This might raise the question whether the letters « s » and « ç » should be distinguished or not. But let's illustrate first the notions of correlation and resemblance by some examples. The resemblance between the names of (Aimé-Joseph) Darnand, head of the French Militia during the German occupation in World War II, and of the admiral (Jean L...

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Preface. Chapter 1. The Chinese horoscope and parallel events. Chapter 2. Comparison between five geographic regions. Names of persons and places of battles. Appendix 1. Beginnings and ends of the years according to the Chinese horoscope. Appendix 2. The Cyrillic alphabet....

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The basic thesis of the paradoxism: Every thing/ phenomenon/ idea has a meaning and a non-meaning in a contradictory harmony. The essence of the paradoxism: a) The NonSense has a Sense: (and reciprocally) b) The Sense has a NonSense. The subsequent development of the paradoxism: To generalize the literature in scientific spaces ( Lobacevski, Riemann, Banach etc.), n-dimensional and infinite-dimensional spaces too. Paradoxism’s delimitation from other avant-gardes: ♦ paradoxism has a significance while dadaism, lettrism, the absurd movement do not; ♦ paradoxism especially reveals the contradictions, the antinomies, the anti- theses, antagonism, nonconformism, the paradoxes in other words of anything ( in literature, art, science), while futurism, cubism, abstractism and all other avant-gardes do not. The motto of the paradoxism: All is possible, the impossible too! The symbol of the paradoxism: A spiral - optic illusion or vicious circle. ...

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Intelligent creator, Florentin Smarandache has accumulated in the while enough self conviction in matters of paradoxism and enough (non)life ( literary and publishing inclusive) experience in order to create a coherent volume, where nothing ( or almost) is put/let at random. After Introduction in the empire of error ( a manifesto of the paradoxism too, but covered with another... linguistic packing), the volume continues with a “short resume” about the ... terror/theory’s features of Smarandache’s (non)existence/existentialism. Then in the shape of prose texts or verses (it is risky to name them prose or poetry!) we learn essential data and information about the “becoming” of this (almost) exile in his own country...Palillula. As another Villon, in full postmodernism he lets his testament of a man who lives, confessing his ideological and literary “crimes”, but, especially giving nonliterary declarations about his murderers, which ground their existence on his nonexistence! Also among his memories we met -true nightmares of the author- the caricatural portraits of the previous leaders, lampoons worthy of an Arghezi....

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Chapter 1 first introduces the interval neutrosophic sets which is an instance of neutrosophic sets. In this chapter, the definition of interval neutrosophic sets and set-theoretic operators are given and various properties of interval neutrosophic set are proved. Chapter 2 defines the interval neutrosophic logic based on interval neutrosophic sets including the syntax and semantics of first order interval neutrosophic propositional logic and first order interval neutrosophic predicate logic. The interval neutrosophic logic can reason and model fuzzy, incomplete and inconsistent information. In this chapter, we also design an interval neutrosophic inference system based on first order interval neutrosophic predicate logic. The interval neutrosophic inference system can be applied to decision making. Chapter 3 gives one application of interval neutrosophic sets and logic in the field of relational databases. Neutrosophic data model is the generalization of fuzzy data model and paraconsistent data model. Here, we generalize various set-theoretic and relation-theoretic operations of fuzzy data model to neutrosophic data model. Chapter ...

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The neutrosophic set generalizes the above mentioned sets from philosophical point of view. From scientific or engineering point of view, the neutrosophic set and set-theoretic operators need to be specified. Otherwise, it will be difficult to apply in the real applications. In this chapter, we de_ne the set theoretic operators on an instance of neutrosophic set called Interval Neutrosophic Set (INS). We call it as “interval" because it is subclass of neutrosophic set, that is we only consider the subunitary interval of [0; 1]....

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Preface iii 1 Interval Neutrosophic Sets 1 1.1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 1.2 Neutrosophic Set . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 1.3 Interval Neutrosophic Set . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 1.4 Properties of Set-theoretic Operators . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 1.5 Convexity of Interval Neutrosophic Set . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 1.6 Conclusions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 1.7 Appendix . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 2 Interval Neutrosophic Logic 21 2.1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21 2.2 Interval Neutrosophic Propositional Calculus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23 2.2.1 Syntax of Interval Neutrosophic Propositional Calculus . . . . . . . . . 23 2.2.2 Semantics of Interval Neutrosophic Propositional Calculus . . . . . . . . . 24 2.2.3 Proof Theory of Interval Neutrosophic Propositional Calculus . . . . . . . . 25 2.3 Interval Neutrosophic Predicate Calculus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27 2.3.1 Syntax of Interval Neutrosophic Predicate Cal...